Escolar Documentos
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NAME:Kunal M. Wagh
CLASS:XII SECTION:A ROLL NO.:34
Bacterial strain genetically resistant to one or more
classes of antimicrobial agents.
Difficult to fight
High mortality rates: killing half people with serious
infections.
Can spread its resistance to other bacteria.
Most present in hospital environments causing
healthcare-associated infections.
Superbugs
“Multidrug-resistant” (MDR)
Non-susceptibility to at least one agent in three or
more antimicrobial categories.
“Extensive drug-resistant” (xdr)
Non-susceptibility to at least one agent in all but two
or fewer antimicrobial categories.
“Pandrug-resistant” (PDR)
Non-susceptibility to all agents in all antimicrobial
Categories.
The Threat of ANTIBIOTIC
RESISTANCE
Worldwide problem
Many form of resistance spread with remarkable
speed
World health leaders describe multidrug-
resistant microorganisms as “nightmare
bacteria” that “pose a catastrophic threat” to
people in every country in the world
Urgent threats
These are high-consequence antibiotic-resistant threats.
Serious threats
These are significant antibiotic-resistant threats.
Concerning threats
These are bacteria for which the threat of antibiotic
resistance is low, and/or there are multiple therapeutic
options for resistant infections.
Microorganisms with
a threat level of serious
Multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter
Drug-resistant Campylobacter
Fluconazole-resistant Candida (a fungus)
Extended spectrum β-lactamase producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBLs)
Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE)
Multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Drug-resistant non-typhoidal Salmonella
Drug-resistant Salmonella Typhi
Drug-resistant Shigella
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)
Drug-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae
Drug-resistant tuberculosis
Surgical procedure infections (P. aeruginosa)
Skin and wound infections (MRSA)
Medical procedure-derived infections (VRSA)
Surgical procedure infections (VRSA)
Skin infections (Group A Streptococcus and Group B
Streptococcus)
Necrotizing fasciitis (Group A Streptococcus )
Medical procedure-derived infections (VRSA)
• Antimicrobial resistance
(AMR) threatens the effective
prevention and treatment of
an ever-increasing range of
infections caused by
bacteria, parasites, viruses
and fungi.
DATA AND
ANALYSIS
• The cost of health care for patients with In 2016, 490 000 people developed
resistant infections is higher than care for multi-drug resistant TB globally,
patients with non-resistant infections due and drug resistance is starting to
to longer duration of illness, additional tests complicate the fight against HIV
and use of more expensive drugs. and malaria, as well.
• There are few medicine in development to treat
resistant form of bacteria.
Of particular importance are the so-called ESKAPE
bacteria many of them are MDR.
Enterococcus, including E. faecium
Staphylococcus aureus
Klebsiella, including K. pneumonia
Acinetobacter baumannii
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Enterobacter species, including E. cloacae
CONCLUSION
These bacteria are immediate public health
threats that require urgent and aggressive action.
Folllowing actions should be taken to minimize
exposure to superbugs:-1)Choose organic.
2)Buy from farmers and producers who use
antibiotics prudently.
3)Ask your butcher or local farmer how the meat
was raised.
4)Be label-savvy. Avoid confusing and
misleading claims on labels. Use the new EWG
Label Decoder to understand meat and dairy
labels and find the most reliable claims.
1)Definition Of “SUPERBUGS”
2) The Threat of ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE
3)Level Of Concerns
4)Serious Threat
5)
DATA AND ANALYSIS
7)Medicines Developed
8) CONCLUSION