Teknologi Informasi dan

Birokrasi
Information!
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 Information is a key resource for

all enterprises.
 Information is created, used,
retained, disclosed and destroyed.
 Technology plays a key role in
these actions.
 Technology is becoming
pervasive in all aspects of
business and personal life.

What benefits do information

and technology bring to
enterprises?
 Manufacturing Revolution
– From Industry 1.0 to Industry 4.0
Industry 1.0 Industry 2.0 Industry 3.0 Industry 4.0
FIRST SECOND THIRD FOURTH
Industrial Revolution Industrial Revolution Industrial Revolution Industrial Revolution
Key Change:
Introduction of IoT and Cyber-
Key Change: Physical Systems driven by
Key Change: Introduction of Electronics, Augmented Reality & Real
Introduction of mass PLC Devices, Robots and IT Time Intelligence
Key Change: Manufacturing Production to automate Production
Introduction of Mechanical lines powered by Electric
Production Equipment Energy
driven by Water and Stream
Power

Level Of Complexity
Augmented Reality Driven
CPS
PLC Driven Robots

Vintage Electric Conveyor

Belt
18th Century Mechanical
Loom

End of 18th Century End of 19th Century Q4 of 20th Century Start of 21th Century

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Benefits of an Open government through IT

• Improve service delivery

• Promote transparency and
accountability
• Make government more democratic,
participatory and informed by
engaging citizens
• Foster collaboration, creation,
innovation within government and
between government and all
stakeholders
• Make policy advice more relevant to
and reflective of citizen needs and
concerns
• Deteritorial Services
 Back to Basics

 The Access to Information Act is intended to

complement and not replace existing procedures for
access to government information and is not intended
to limit in any way access to the type of
government information that is normally
available to the general public.

 “Rights to state-held information are designed to

improve the workings of government; to make it more
effective, responsive and accountable.”
LaForest J. Dagg v. Canada (Minister of Finance)
 Forces of Change

• Information technology

• Globalization of issues/markets

• Knowledge-based economies

• Horizontality of government business

• Public-private partnerships

• Public expectations

• Open government movement

Open Government Movement

US – Open Government

UK – Smarter Government

Australia – Government 2.0

Canada – Visible Government

 US – Open Government
• Objectives
Opening “doors and data” to all citizens to promote transparency, participation and collaboration

• Lead
White House Office of Management and Budget in collaboration with Chief Technology Officer
and Chief Information Officer

• Key Milestones
- Jan. 21, 2009: Memorandum on Transparency and Open Government for the Heads of Executive
Departments and Agencies
- May 21-July 26: Consultation Process
- Dec. 8, 2009: Open Government Directive and Cabinet Commitments (20 dataset release projects)
- December 2009 Progress Report to the American People

• Major Projects to date include

Recovery.gov, Data.gov, Federal Register 2.0, and many more
Open Government Innovations Gallery

The President’s
SAVE Award
 UK – Smarter Government

• Objectives
Radically opening up data and public information, releasing thousands of public data sets and
making them free for re-use

• Lead
Office of Public Sector Information, Information Commissioners, and Cabinet Office

• Key Milestones
- 2007: Power of Information Review
- February-March 2009: Wiki-based report of Power of Information Taskforce, with dedicated
blog
- March 2009: Initial response from government in the Strategic Government section of
“Working Together – Public Services on your side”
- Dec. 7, 2009: Speech delivered by Prime Minister Gordon Brown on Smarter Government

• Projects
“Show Us a Better Way” contest; data.gov.uk; several Web 2.0 projects from outside government:
e.g. MySociety.org; FixMYStreet.com; TheyWorkForYou.com; PatientOpinion.com
 Australia – Government 2.0

• Objectives
“Build a public service that is smarter, more responsive, more strategic and personally
rewarding

• Key Milestone
December 2009: Government 2.0 taskforce’s report “Engage: getting on with Government 2.0

• Recommendations (13), including:

- Declaration of Open Government by the Federal Government
- Appointment of a lead agency
- Make public sector information open, accessible and reusable.
- Exhaust options to protect privacy and confidentiality before seeking an exemption
- Use of information publication schemes to encourage the widest disclosure of information
of
general interest
- Help agencies to overcome barriers
Open Canadian Municipalities
Grassroots Initiatives

datalibre.ca
urging governments to make data about canada and canadians free and accessible to citizens
Stimulus Watch.ca
Canadians helping Canadians help government
 The Way Forward

Open Government Policy Framework:

 Leadership
 Coordinating body
 Clear accountabilities
 Clear targets embedding the three laws of Open
Government
Open government data must be:
1. Spidered or indexed to exist;
2. Available in open and machine readable format to engage; and
3. In a legal framework to allow it to be repurposed to empower.
− David Eaves, Canadian expert in public policy and open source and network systems

 Engagement