REAKSI-REAKSI ALKANA,ALKENA DAN

ALKUNA
 ALKANA
Semua ikatan antar C merupakan ikatan berupa ikatan unggal C-C (jenuh).
Rumus senyawanya CnH2n+2

CH4 = metana C6H14 =heksana

C2H6 = etana C7H16=heptana
C3H8 = propana C8H18= oktana
C4H10 = butana C9H20=nonana
C5H12 = pentana C10H22=dekana
 ALKANA
Struktur ALKANA : CnH2n+2

CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3 (heksana)

sikloheksana
 Keisomeran pada Alkana
Meliputi 1. Isomer kerangka
2. Isomer posisi

1. Isomer Kerangka.
Rumus molekulnya sama tetapi kerangkanya
berbeda.
CH3 CH CH2 CH3 CH3 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH3
CH3

2-metil butana n-pentana

Rumus molekul
C5H12
2. Isomer Posisi.
Rumus molekul sama posisi gugus/cabangnya berbeda.

CH3 CH CH2 CH2 CH3 CH3 CH2 CH CH2 CH3

CH3 CH3

2-metil pentana 3 metil-pentana

 ALKENA CnH2n

H2C CH2 H3C CH CH2

Ethene Propene

1-Butene 1-Hexene
1-Pentene

1,3-Butadiene
3-methyl-1,4-pentadiene
 2 2 1 1 0
C(6) - 1s , 2s , 2px , 2py , 2pz
Hybridization

2 1 1 1 1
C(6) - 1s , 2s , 2px , 2py , 2pz

H H 3 sp2
C C p-bond
H H
Three s-bonds
p-bond s-bonds – One C-C, two C-H bonds per carbon
atom
 ikatan

s
H H
o
120 C C
H H
ikatan

p
Geometric isomers have R R R H
different chemical &
physical properties
H H H R
cis- trans-

H3C CH3 H3C H

H H H CH3
cis-2-butene trans-2-butene
ALKUNA
 180o Linear Molecule

H C C H H3C C C H
Ethyne Propyne
(acetylene)

2 2 1 1 0
C(6) - 1s , 2s , 2px , 2py , 2pz
Hybridization

2 1 1 1 1
C(6) - 1s , 2s , 2px , 2py , 2pz
Two s-bonds (C-H) and (C-C)
And Two p-bonds between C-C
per C atom
2sp 2p-bonds
 REAKSI REDUKSI

CH3 CH3
CH3 C Pd/BaSO4
C CH3 + H H C C
H H
cis-2-butena
CH3 C Pt
C CH3 + 2H2 CH3 CH2 CH2 CH3
 REAKSI ADISI

H H
HC CH+ HCl C C

H Cl
vinil klorida

HC CH+ 2HCl CH3 CHCl2

1,1-dikloroetana
 REAKSI HIDRASI

H
O
CH3C CH + H2O CH3C C H
H Struk. enol

O
CH3 C CH3
keton