A PROJECT PRESENTATION

ON
DEVELOPMENT OF AN ELECTRONIC WALKING STICK (EWS)
FOR VISUALLY IMPAIRED PERSONS

PRESENTED BY:
1. Richa Pathak
2. Sadaf Amjad UNDER THE SUPERVISION OF :
3. Iba Mehfooz
4. Twinkle Gupta
Mr. Shahnawaz Uddin
5. Priyanka Gupta
 CONTENT
Problem Statement
Introduction
Block Diagram
Components detail
Circuit Diagram
Operation
Testing of the circuit
Observation
Result
Advantages and disadvantages
Future scope and Conclusion
The problem lies in our point of view
 PROBLEM STATEMENT

• There are millions of visually impaired or blind people in the world

who are although independent but still need a helping hand so that
they could come out of the dark room

• PROPOSED SOLUTION: Develop a device in the form of EWS

(Electronic Walking Stick) that would assist visually impaired users to
sense obstacles without touching them
 INTRODUCTION

• The main aim of our project is to detect obstacles with the help
of electronic walking stick (EWS).
• This will assist the blind person during the walk and provides an
alarm if any hurdle is detected within the pre-decided range.
• This system is equipped with regulated power supply,
microcontroller (Atmega328P-PU), ultrasonic sensors(HC-SR04)
along with vibrator and buzzer.
• The system facilitates the blind people to navigate
independently without any external support
 Novelty in the Project Work
Many Electronic Walking Sticks (EWS) were developed earlier but the
EWS to be developed in this project work is having advantages in
terms of:

Increase in the Vertical Range of Detection of the obstacles

Alert without irritating the others
Low Cost
Low Cost of maintenance
BLOCK DIAGRAM

Fig. (1) The Block Diagram of the Electronic Walking Stick

COMPONENTS DETAIL
INPUT UNIT: Ultrasonic Transceiver

Fig. (2) The Ultrasonic Transceiver Unit

 ULTRASONIC SENSOR
ULTRASONIC SENSOR- (HCSR04)
Ultrasonic sensors works on a principle similar to
radar or sonar which evaluates attributes of a target
by interpreting the echoes from radio or sound waves
respectively. Ultrasonic sensors generate high
frequency sound waves and measure the echo which
is received back by the sensor.
Fig. (3) The Ultrasonic Sensor
ELECTRICAL PARAMETERS
ULTRASONIC SENSOR (contd)

Fig. (4) The Working of Ultrasonic Sensors

 ARDUINO UNO BOARD

Figure (5) shows the ARDUINO UNO MCU

BOARD. The arduino Uno is a microcontroller
board based on ATmega 328P-PU.

Fig (5): Arduino Uno MCU board

 MICROCONTROLLER UNIT
Fig. shows the 28 pin ATMEGA328P-PU
microcontroller.
 This is the Pico version of the of the
standard Atmega version.
 Convenient to use.
Why ATMEGA328P-PU
• It consumes LESS POWER
• USES FLASH MEMORY TECHNOLOGY.
• The cost of this controller is low and its
handling is also easy
Fig (6): The Pin Diagram of the Microcontroller (ATMEGA328P-PU)
OUTPUT UNIT

VIBRATOR MOTOR UNIT BUZZER UNIT

A mechanical device which is The small 10mm diameter 5v
used to generate mechanical buzzer is used to alert the user
vibration. about the obstacle.

Fig (6) The Vibrator Motor Unit

Fig (7) The Buzzer Unit
COMPLETE CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

Fig (8) Complete Circuit Diagram of the Electronic Walking Stick (EWS)
 OPERATION
Ultrasonic sensors detect obstacle ahead using ultrasonic
waves
On sensing obstacle, the sensor passes this data to the
microcontroller
The microcontroller then processes this data and calculates if the
obstacle is close enough

If the obstacle is close, it sends the signal to buzzer and

vibrator unit
If the obstacle is sensed, the buzzer
will beep accordingly
 TESTING OF THE CIRCUIT

Fig: OFF circuit board Fig: ON circuit board

OBSERVATION

S. No. DISTANCE OF DISTANCE OF OBSTACLE THROUGH THROUGH

DETECTION DETECTION SENSED VIBRATION BUZZER
(cm) (cm)
(Theoretical) (Practical)

1. 400 --------   
2. 200 193   
3. 100 92   

4. 80 71   

5. 40 40   

6. 10 8   
 RESULT
• The electronic walking stick(EWS) alerts the blind by vibrating the vibrator
and beeping the buzzer with different tones at different distances

• The vibrator vibrates when the obstacle is far from the user and the buzzer
starts beeping as fast as the object becomes closer to the user

• Effective and affordable

 ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
 Advantages
• Range of detection is increased to an extent
• Low cost by using battery instead of power bank
• Use of vibrator helps him at noisy place

Disadvantages
Usage of this device during monsoon is not advised
FINAL VIEW OF EWS
 FUTURE SCOPE

• It can be further enhanced by using VLSI technology to design the PCB unit
• Advancement in programming
• Automatic charging of battery
 CONCLUSION
 This system offers a low-cost, reliable, portable, low-power consumption and
robust solution for navigation with obvious short response time

 Light in weight