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NSABIMANA Usiel
Assistant Lecturer
School of Dentistry
College of Medicine and Health Sciences
Introduction
• Dental infections or odontogenic infections
involving the teeth or associated tissues
• Are caused by anaerobic oral pathogens and
usually more than species
• These infections may from dental origins or
nonodontogenic sources
• Infections from dental origins comes from
progressions of dental caries or extensive
periodontal diseases
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• Pathogens can also be introduced deeper into
the oral tissues by the trauma caused by
dental procedures
• Such as contamination of dental surgical sites
or during needle injections
• Some dental infections of the oral cavity are
secondary infections originated from
infections of skin, ears, tonsils or sinuses
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• Treatment consists of removal of the sources
of infections ,systemic antibiotic and drainage
• These nonodontogenic infections must
diagnosed early
• Referral to the physician prevent further
spread and potential complications
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Dental abscess
• A dental abscess is a collection of pus in the
teeth or gums
• This happens when you have an infection in
your mouth.
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• An oral abscess occurs when there is localised
entrapment of pathogens from dental
infections in closed tissue space
• The abscess is filled with suppuration
• Periapical abscess formation can occur with
progressions of dental caries
• When pathogens invade the pulp and the
infections spread apically
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• Pathogens can also became entrapped in deep
pockets in the cases of severe periodontal
diseases and causes periodontal abscess
• An erupting 3rd molar can cause a pericoronal
abscess (Pericoronitis)
• Abscess may not be detectable radio
graphically in the early stage
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• In the later stages of infections, abscess may
lead to the formation of passageway (fistula)
in the skin, oral mucosa, or even in bone
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• The bacteria infects the pulp and then reaches
the bone that surrounds the tooth.
• This is where the periapical abscess forms.
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Infectious Process
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Cellulitis
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Ludwig's Angina
• Involvement submandibular spaces bilaterally
and submental space in midline
• Ludwig's Angina is a serious infection under
your tongue.
• Rapid spread to lateral pharyngeal /
retropharyngeal space
• Rapidly obstruct upper airway
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Complications
• Airway compromise
Causes
• The route of infection in most cases is from
infected lower molars or from pericoronitis,
• which is an infection of the gums surrounding
the partially erupted lower (usually third)
molars.
• Although the widespread involvement seen in
Ludwig's usually develops in
immunocompromised
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• persons, it can also develop in otherwise
healthy individuals.
• Thus, it is very important to obtain dental
consultation for lower-third molars at the first
sign of any pain, bleeding from the gums,
sensitivity to heat/cold or
• swelling at the angle of the jaw.