ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING

DESIGN SEMINAR
BHAGWAN MAHAVIR COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE
 INTRODUCTION
Environmental planning is an area of specialization or focus in urban planning that
places a high priority on environmental matters concerning land use, policy and
design.
The term environmental refers mainly to thing having to do with water quality and
quantity, air quality and climate , soils and terrain ,and plants and animals as they
relate to human condition and the built environment.
In modern environmental planning, perspective typically vary greatly, such as
ranging
(1) From resource acquisition to environmental protection or
(2) From the environmental as hazardous to the environment as life- sustaining .
further, environmental planning gives priority to neither the natural nor the build
environments , but usually deals with problems arising from the interplay of two.

DESIGN SEMINAR SEM - 8

ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING BHAGWAN MAHAVIR COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE
 HISTORICAL ROOTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL
PLANNING
In the broadest sense, humans have engaged in environmental planning for
millennia efforts by warily people to change the ranges of grazing animals by
burning grassland or to change the distribution water by ditching and diverting
rivers are examples of environmental planning carried out by tribes, communities
and nations. The ancient Egyptians in fact appear to have formalized the planning of
their irrigation system by relegating the responsibility to a governmental body.

DESIGN SEMINAR SEM - 8

ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING BHAGWAN MAHAVIR COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE
 THE ENVIRONMENT AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT
• why the need for environmental planning is greater today than in the past. Part
of the answer undoubtedly lies in the differences in human values and in the
increased awareness and expectations about the environment that many
societies have today. The grater size and technological complexity of the modern
city also contribute to the need for environmental planning. Part of the answer
also lies in the locations and setting where cities originated and grew.
• In north America most of the cities are not very old, and we have been able to
see them change from villages to cities in the course of only a century from
villages to cities in the course of only a century or two, or less. In selecting the
location for an early settlement- of indeed there was a conscious selection not
all- seldom was consideration given to the possibility that the settlement would
grow. Therefore, the location of early settlement often had land and , but
inadequate for urban development. In some towns, but inadequate for urban
development. In some cases this meant that the actual area of developable
ground was too small, such as in a small, steep-sided valley. In other cases it
meant that the resource base(such as the water supply) and the environmental
systems (such as river and canals) were too small to support a city.

DESIGN SEMINAR SEM - 8

ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING BHAGWAN MAHAVIR COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE
 • In retrospect we can see that many cities overwhelmed the logical capacity of the
land, resulting in serious mismatches between land uses and environment,
especially soils, topography , and drainage. Development in river valley and
floodplains is a prime example.

DESIGN SEMINAR SEM - 8

ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING BHAGWAN MAHAVIR COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE
HYDROLOGICAL FACTORS : FLOOD HAZARD ,LAND USE, AND
FLOODPLAINS .
Virtually every early settlement that grew into a city began beside a water
feature of some sort.

Inland from the coasts and the Great Lakes,most towns grew alongside river
and were usually located at such strategic points as road crossings, heads of
river navigation, or dam sites.

As a town expanded in its early decades of growth, building sites were selected
not only for economic reasons, such as proximity to roads, but also for environm
ental reasons. Middle-class residential development, for example,often followed
high ground, or at least ground well above active floodplains.

DESIGN SEMINAR SEM - 8

ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING BHAGWAN MAHAVIR COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE
 The Cedar River is
a river in the U.S.state
of Washington. About 45
miles (72 km) long

DESIGN SEMINAR SEM - 8

ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING BHAGWAN MAHAVIR COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE
 DESIGN SEMINAR SEM - 8
ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING BHAGWAN MAHAVIR COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE
GEOLOGIC AND GEOMORPHIC FACTORS: BUILDING ON
LANDFORMS AND EARTHQUAKE ZONES

Bedrock, Soil , Landmark and the process associated with them may also play a
significant role in the planning and development of cities.

This often led to residential development on sleap and anstable slopes, which
reseated not only in living condition but also in extreme difficulties in managing
waste disposal and water supply.

The placement of spetic dsaintieled from slopping ground, especially where

subdivisions had grown beyond the bounds of muncipals servers systems,but
they are used to limits developments density as well.

DESIGN SEMINAR SEM - 8

ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING BHAGWAN MAHAVIR COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE
 DESIGN SEMINAR SEM - 8
ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING BHAGWAN MAHAVIR COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE
 Example: limits impervious cover to thirty five
percent on slope of to fifteen
percent, fifteen percention slopes of fifteen to
twenty five percent, zero cover
on slope over twenty five percent.

In other communities density limitations on

sleep slopes are based on
ecological, open-spaces, runoff wastewater
disposal and local flooding
considerations.

DESIGN SEMINAR SEM - 8

ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING BHAGWAN MAHAVIR COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE
SOIL FACTORS : BUILDING SITES AND WASTE DISPOSAL.
Between the upper surface of bedrock and ground level lies a zone of mixed
praticles called the soil mantle.

where the soil mantle is deep,most foundations for buildings and bridges must be
placed in soil itself.

where the soil mantle is thin, foundations can be placed directly on the bedrock.

Bedrock generally provides the most stable base for facilities, whereas soils may be subject
to settling and shifting,which can cause damage to facilities.

For most urban areas, the selection of solid waste disposal sites is a delicate
planning issue.

Generally it should be guided by three consideration;

1. cost,which is closely tied to land values and hauling distances;
2. the land use and environment in the vicinity of the site and along hauling routes;
3. site conditions,which are largely a function of soil, groundwater, and surface drainage

DESIGN SEMINAR SEM - 8

ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING BHAGWAN MAHAVIR COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE
ECOLOGICAL FACTORS: LANDUSE HABITATSAND ECO SYSTEMS
• The Process of urban development as traditionally practiced in the twentieth century is, with
the possible exception of war, the most environmentally consuming process of landscape
change yet exercised by humans.

• Although no components of the environment is spared from impact in urbanization, biological

phenomena.(plants, animals, and their habitats) are usually most severely altered.

• many of the most difficult settings from the development standpoint, such as wetlands and
floodplains, turn out to be the richest habitats in terms of species diversity,population
densities, and ecological productivity.

• These settings require the most drastic transformation to prepare them for development,
resulting in their server damages or wholesale eradication.

• Most ecosystems are structured into four levels, called trophic levels, representing
hierarchical divisions in the energy system.when ecosystems are altered,the energy flow is
disrupted and many organisms, including those not directly influenced by the alteration, are
affected.

DESIGN SEMINAR SEM - 8

ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING BHAGWAN MAHAVIR COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE
ATMOSPHERIC FACTORS: CLIMATIC CHANGE AND AIR
QUALITY
The growth of cities in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries has also led to
planning problems related to the atmosphere.

In many ways, atmospheric problems tend to be more elusive the land and water
problems tend to be more elusive than and water problems because the atmosp
here is less geographically finite than , for example a watershed or a particular
ssoil type.

the atmosphere is prone to frequent changes with weather events, seasons, and
climatic cycles of various frequencies.

it is two types of atmospheric impacts are associated with cities;

1. changes in the physical character of urban climate
2. changes in air quality.

There are two main classes of air pollution are generally recognized;
1.industrial and
2.photochemical.
DESIGN SEMINAR SEM - 8
ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING BHAGWAN MAHAVIR COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE
THE BOTTOM LINE
 A successful city cannot operate efficiently in isolation from its environment. It
must balance social, economic and environmental needs. Poor urban planning
and management can have grave results for the urban economy, the
environment and society. A well-managed urban environment is a key to
economic development and poverty

DESIGN SEMINAR SEM - 8

ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING BHAGWAN MAHAVIR COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE