By :

Resita Nursechan (B1B016017)

Tyssa Mutiara Ramadhanti Kharizma (B1B016031)
Pratiwi kusuma (B1B017007)
Thalitha Nindika Nathania Putri (B1B017009)
Intan Purina (B1B017018)
Salsabila Lutfia Putri (B1B017024)
“Evolution is the change in inherited traits of
population from one generation to the next
and it gives a rise to diversity at every
biological organization levels.”
Eusociality is all individual of species that
work together, overlapping and division
of labour by reproductive and
nonreproductive individuals

Eusocial organisms are characterized by several traits as follows:

the existence of clusters in groups of organisms according to
their respective roles (caste reproduction, foraging etc.) with
reproductive caste as its center
 the existence of continuity between generations in the group
 the existence of cooperative behavior in caring for and raising
members of the colony.
“Eusocial has long been a concern of experts,
especially among Darwin's evolutionists who
consider it an unsolved mystery. The reason is that
the main principle of Darwin's evolutionary
understanding is "survival for the fittest" or just the
strong who survive, but in eusocialist organism.
These organisms actually work together and even
tend to be altruistic where one member of the
colony does not hesitate to sacrifice his hives so that
the colony still exists.
DISCUSSION
 Most eusocial animals
are found in the phylum
Arthropoda, but a few
are found in the phylum
Chordata.
 S
The most common and clearest example of
eusocial is the social insect of order
Hymenoptera: ants, bees and wasps.
 Steps in the origin of animal eusociality
1. The formation of groups within freely mixing population.
2. The accumulation of other traits that make change to eusociality more likely.
3. The eusocial alleles, whether by mutation and recombination.
4. The proper subject of combined investigation in population genetic and behavioural ecology.
The formation of groups within freely mixing population

Groups can assemble when nest sites

or food sources on which a species is
specialized are local in distribution or
when parents and offspring stay
together or when migratory columns
branch repeatedly before settling or
when flocks follow leaders to known
feeding grounds or even randomly by
mutual local attraction.
 The accumulation of other traits that make
change to eusociality more likely.
All these pre-adaptations arise in the same
manner as constructing a defensible nest by the
solitary ancestor, by individual-level selection,
with no anticipation of a potential future role in
the origin of eusociality.
They are products of adaptive radiation, in which
species split and spread into different niches.
 The eusocial alleles, whether by mutation and
recombination.
Crossing the threshold to eusociality requires only that a
female and her adult offspring do not disperse to start
new, individual nests but instead remain at the old nest.
At this point, if environmental selection pressures are
strong enough, the spring-loaded pre-adaptations kick in
and the group commences cooperative interactions that
make it a eusocial colony.
 The proper subject of combined
investigation in population genetic
and behavioural ecology

The natural history of the more primitive

species, and especially the structure of
their nests and fierce defence of them,
suggest that a key element in the origin
of eusociality is defence against
enemies, including parasites, predators
and rival colonies This figure shows us the evolution of Complex Signal (Queen Signal) in Eusocial Insect
Species from Signal/Cue that Changes with Physiological State (Ovarian Activity) in
Solitary Ancestor. bee Amegilla dawsoni). This chemical change can be used to inform
a male about a female’s mating status and thus spares males unsuccessful mating
attempts (above right).
Ants have 3 main castes in their colonies: reproduction caste (queen and male) who are responsible for
producing offspring, workers caste tasked with carrying out the work of the colony and caste in charge of
maintaining the security of the nest
Eusocial organisms include a few species of shrimp, aphids, and thrips. There are at least two separate origins of
eusociality within the Synalpheus shrimps. These marine shrimp live in groups of several hundred closely related diploid
individuals as internal parasites on tropical sponges.

Gall-forming thrips

Carribean snapping shrimp

Social Aphids
There are at least two species of vertebrates that could be considered eusocial, the naked mole rat and the
Damaraland mole rat

Naked mole rats Darmaland mole rats

➝ Evolution is the change in inherited traits of population from one generation to
the next, it gives a rise to diversity at every biological organization levels.
Eusocial animals share the following four characteristics: adults live in a
groups, cooperative care of juveniles, division of labor, and overlap of
generations.
➝ There are several steps in the origin of animal eusociality: the formation of
groups within a freely mixing population, the accumulation of other traits that
make the change to eusociality more likely, the origin of the eusocial alleles,
whether the mutation or recombination, and the proper subject of combined
investigations in population genetics and behavior ecology.
➝ The most common and clearest example of eusocial is the social insect of
order Hymenoptra (bees, wasps, ants, and termites). There are at least two
species of vertebrates that could be considered eusocial, the naked mole rat
and the Damaraland mole rat
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