TURBINE LUBE OIL SYSTEM

S.K.PAL
FUNCTION OF TURBINE LUBE OIL SYSTEM:
 SUFFICIENT AND CONTINUOUS LUBE OIL SUPPLY IS ESSENTIAL FOR THE SAFE
AND RELIABLE OPERATION OF A TURBINE AND ITS DRIVEN EQUIPMENT.
 THE OIL SUPPLY SYSTEM SHOULD ENSURE THE OPERATIONAL SAFETY OF
BEARINGS.
 THE SYSTEM IS OF THE CLOSED CIRCUIT TYPE .
 TO ENSURE THE OIL REQUIRED FOR THE GOVERNING SYSTEM AND THE SAFETY
DEVICES OF THE TURBINE AT AN INCREASED PRESSURE.
MAIN OIL TANK AND ITS ACCESSORIES :
 THE OIL TANK IS LOCATED ON THE GROUND. CAPACITY OF THE TANK IS 10M3
 THE OIL TANK SERVES FOR STORING THE OIL VOLUME REQUIRED FOR GOVERNING AND
LUBRICATING SYSTEMS.
 IT ALLOWS THE IMPURITIES TO BE SETTLED AT THE BOTTOM OF THE TANK ALONG WITH THE
OIL SLUDGE.
 BAFFLE PLATES ARE PROVIDED TO GIVE A LONGER TIME IN THE TANK SO THAT THE
ENTRAPPED AIR IS EFFECTIVELY RELEASED.
 OIL VAPOURS ACCUMULATED IN THE OIL TANK ARE EVACUATED BY THE OIL VAPOUR
EXTRACTION
 FANS MOUNTED ON THE OIL TANK TOP PLATE. THE EXHAUST IS LED TO SAFE LOCATION OUT
SIDE TG HALL.
 THE OIL TANK IS PROVIDED WITH CONNECTION FOR OIL CENTRIFUGING
 LEVEL TRANSMITTERS ARE PROVIDED TO GIVE SIGNAL TO CONTROL ROOM
 OIL LEVEL IS TO BE TOPPED UP IN CASE OF LOW MOT LEVEL.
 OIL TEMPERATURE INDICATIONS ARE PROVIDED FOR LOCAL AND REMOTE.
THE OIL SUPPLY SYSTEM INCLUDES THE FOLLOWING EQUIPMENT: -
 AUX OIL PUMPS (AOP) , 2X100% DRIVEN BY AC MOTORS FOR PUMPING OIL REQUIRED FOR
GOVERNING AND LUBRICATING OIL SYSTEMS
 SELF ACTUATED PRESSURE CONTROL VALVE TO MAINTAIN STEADY CONTROL OIL PRESSURE, BY
OPENING EXCESS QUANTITY TO MAIN OIL TANK.
 EMERGENCY OIL PUMP (EOP) DRIVEN BY DC MOTOR , SUPPLIES OIL TO THE TURBINE BEARINGS
AFTER TURBINE TRIP DURING COASTING DOWN OF THE TURBINE, WHEN ALL SOURCES OF OIL FAIL
 TWIN OIL COOLERS, IN WHICH THE HEAT ABSORBED IN TURBINE OIL SYSTEM IS DISSIPATED
 DUPLEX TYPE OIL FILTERS TO SUPPLY CLEAN OIL TO THE BEARINGS
 SELF ACTUATED PRESSURE CONTROL VALVE TO REDUCE AND ENSURE STEADY OIL PRESSURE AT 2.5
KG/CM2 TO BEARING OIL HEADER
:
 ADJUSTABLE BEARING OIL THROTTLES, WHICH PERMIT ADJUSTMENT IN THE OIL
QUANTITY, REQUIRED FOR THE RESPECTIVE BEARINGS,
 OIL VAPOR EXTRACTION FANS TO REMOVE OIL VAPORS SETTLED OVER THE OIL SURFACE
IN OIL TANK.
 TAP-OFF FOR GOVERNING CIRCUIT AND MOTIVE OIL TO HYDRAULIC TURNING DEVICE IS
TAKEN IMMEDIATELY AFTER PUMP DISCHARGE.
 IF THE PUMP DISCHARGE PRESSURE FALLS BELOW 7.5 KG/CM2 OR LUBE OIL HEADER
PRESSURE FALLS BELOW (1.5KG/CM2), THE STANDBY PUMP WILL BE STARTED THROUGH
PRESSURE SWITCH/TRANSMITTER AT RESPECTIVE LOCATIONS.
 IF THE STANDBY PUMP ALSO FAILS, THE TURBINE WILL BE TRIPPED THROUGH A PRESSURE
SIGNAL GENERATED FROM TRANSMITTERS IN 2/3 VOTING LOGIC.
 THE TRIP SET VALUE IS 1.1 KG/CM2 ON LUBE OIL HEADER.
EMERGENCY OIL PUMP (EOP):

 AFTER TRIPPING OF TURBINE DUE TO HIGH INERTIA OF THE ROTATING MASSES, IT

TAKES SOME TIME TO BECOME STAND STILL. DURING THIS COASING DOWN TIME
SUFFICIENT LUB OIL SHOULD BE SUPPLIED TO THE BEARINGS.
 DURING COASTING DOWN OF TURBINE, WHEN AC AOP IS NOT AVAILABLE,
LUBRICATING OIL IS PROVIDED BY EMERGENCY OIL PUMP (EOP). THIS PUMP IS
DRIVEN BY A DC MOTOR.
 THE EOP WILL CUT IN AUTOMATICALLY BY LUBE OIL PRESSURE TRANSMITTER SET AT
0.7 KG/CM2(G). IN ORDER TO ENSURE POSITIVE SUPPLY OF OIL TO THE BEARINGS,
THIS PUMP IS CONNECTED DIRECTLY TO THE LUBE OIL HEADER.
OIL COOLER :
THE HEAT ABSORBED IN THE BEARINGS IS DISSIPATED IN THE OIL. THE SYSTEM CONSISTS
OF TWO OIL COOLERS EACH OF 100% CAPACITY. A CHANGE OVER DEVICE (DOUBLE 3 WAY
TRANSFLOW VALVE ARRANGEMENT.) IS PROVIDED FOR SWITCHING OVER TO STAND BY OIL
COOLER MANUALLY.
OIL COOLER OUT TEMPERATURE HIGH ALARM IS PROVIDED WHICH IS SET AT 50 0C.

OIL FILTERS :
THE DUPLEX TYPE OF OIL FILTER WITH DISPOSABLE CARTRIDGE TYPE WITH FILTRATION OF
10 MICRONS (NOM.) IS PROVIDED. A CHANGE OVER DEVICE IS FITTED FOR SWITCHING
OVER TO STANDBY FILTER IN CASE OF CHOKING OF THE WORKING FILTER. A SMALL
AMOUNT OF FILTERED OIL GOES TO. THE STANDBY FILTER CONTINUOUSLY FACILITATING
STANDBY FILTER TO COME INTO SERVICE IMMEDIATELY WHEN REQUIRED.
A DP SWITCH SET AT 1.5 KG/CM2 IS PROVIDED TO ANNUNCIATE HIGH DP ACROSS THE
OIL THROTTLES:

THROTTLE VALVES ARE PROVIDED IN EACH BEARING OIL INLET TO

REDUCE THE PRESSURE TO INDIVIDUAL REQUIREMENT. DURING
FIRST COMMISSIONING, OIL THROTTLES ARE POSITIONED BY
OBSERVING THE DRAIN TEMPERATURE AND POSITION IS LOCKED.
THE THROTTLE'S CONSTRUCTION IS SUCH THAT A MINIMUM
OPENING IS PROVIDED IN THE THROTTLE EVEN WHEN THE DEVICE
IS FULLY CLOSED ENSURING NO INTERRUPTION OF OIL TO THE
BEARINGS.
JACKING OIL SYSTEM:
FUNCTION:
BEFORE A TURBINE IS STARTED UP THE SHAFT JOURNALS ARE IN CONTACT WITH THE WHITE METAL OF
THE BEARINGS. WHEN THE SET IS STATIONARY THE LOW PRESSURE OF THE LUBRICATING OIL IS
INSUFFICIENT TO STOP THE METAL TO METAL CONTACT BETWEEN JOURNALS AND BEARING SHELLS. THIS
MEANS THAT THERE IS A FRICTIONAL TORQUE CAUSED BY THE METAL TO. METAL CONTACT TO BE
OVERCOME WHEN STARTING. THIS "BREAK AWAY TORQUE“ IS SO HIGH THAT THE TURNING GEAR WOULD
HAVE TO BE UNECONOMICALLY LARGE.
FURTHERMORE, STARTING AND STOPPING WITH METAL-TO-METAL CONTACT WOULD RESULT IN
INCREASED WEAR OF THE WHITE METAL SURFACES.
IN ORDER TO PREVENT THIS METAL TO METAL CONTACT DURING START UP AND SHUTDOWN, AN OIL
POCKET MACHINED INTO THE BOTTOM SHELL OF THE JOURNAL BEARING IS SUPPLIED WITH OIL UNDER
HIGH PRESSURE. THIS LIFTS THE TG SHAFTSLIGHTLY. AS SUCH THE "BREAK AWAY TORQUE" IS
CONSIDERABLY REDUCED. ONLY A SMALL VOLUME OF OIL IS NEEDED TO PERFORM THE LIFTING OF THE
SHAFT.
STARTUP PROCEDURE OF TURBINE LUB OIL SYSTEM:

PRECHECKS:

 NO PTW IS PENDING
 FIRE FIGHTING SYSTEM FOR LUB OIL SYSTEM READY
 MOT LEVEL NORMAL AND MOT LVL LOW ALARM NOT PERSISTING
 LUB OIL COOLERS ARE CHARGED FROM BOTH DMCW & LUB OIL SIDES.
 ENSURE ONE OIL FILTER IS IN SERVICE
 AOP 1, AOP2 , EOP , AC JOP DC JOP AND VAPOUR EXTRACTOR POWER SUPPLY HEALTHY
 ALL LOCAL PUSH BUTTON IS RELEASED
TURBINE OIL SYSTEM STARTUP ACTIVITIES:

 SATART ONE VAPOUR EXTRACTOR FAN

 START EOP , ENSURE LUB OIL PRESS DEVELOPED >2.5 KG/CM2. THEN START AOP
 CHECK ANY OIL LEAKAGE . IF FOUND STOP THE PUMP IMMEDIATELY
 GIVE TRIAL RUN OF AOP2 TO CHECK ITS AVAILABILTY
 START AC JOPAND CHECK DISCHARGE PRESS DEVELOPED UP TO 160 TO 170 KG/CM2
 CHECK ANY OIL LEAKAGE
 GIVE TRIAL RUN OF DC JOP
 PUT LUB OIL TEMP CONTROL IN AUTO WITH SP AT 45 0C
 OPEN BARRING GEAR MOV AND ENSURE TURBINE SPEED IS INCREASING SLOWLY
 CHECK TURBINE SPEED REACHED AROUND 100 RPM
 PUT SLC ‘ON’FOR AOP, EOP, JOP, TURNING GEAR ‘ON
TURBINE OIL SYSTEM STOPPING PROCEDURE:

 CLOSE BARRING GEAR MOV

 CHECK THAT MOT LEVEL IS INCREASING
 ENSURE TURBINE SPEED IS DECREASING TO ZERO SPEED
 ENSURE SLC IS IN ‘OFF’ CONDITION
 STOP AC JOP
 STOP RUNNING AOP AND CHECK MOT LEVEL IS INCREASING
 NOZZLE

MOTIVE OUTLET
FLUID

INLET FLUID

INJECTOR IS A PUMP LIKE DEVICE THAT USES THE VENTURI EFFECT OF A CONVERGING-
DIVERGING NOZZLE TO CONVERT THE PRESSURE ENERGY OF A MOTIVE FLUID TO
VELOCITY ENERGY WHICH CREATES A LOW PRESSURE ZONE THAT DRAWS IN AND
ENTRAINS A SUCTION FLUID.

AFTER PASSING THROUGH THE THROAT OF THE INJECTOR, THE MIXED FLUID
EXPANDS AND THE VELOCITY IS REDUCED WHICH RESULTS IN RECOMPRESSING THE
MIXED FLUIDS BY CONVERTING VELOCITY ENERGY BACK INTO PRESSURE ENERGY.

IN INJECTOR, THE PRESSURE ENERGY OF THE INLET MOTIVE FLUID IS CONVERTED TO

KINETIC ENERGY IN THE FORM OF VELOCITY HEAD AT THE THROAT OF THE NOZZLE
AND THE MIXED FLUID EXPANDS IN THE DIVERGENT DIFFUSER RESULTING THE
KINETIC ENERGY IS CONVERTED BACK TO PRESSURE ENERGY AT THE DIFFUSER
OUTLET IN ACCORDANCE WITH BERNOULLI’S PRINCIPLE.
TURNING DEVICE :

DURING TURBINE START UP AND POST SHUT DOWN COOLING PERIOD, THE ROTOR HAS TO
BE TURNED. IF A HOT TURBINE IS SHUT DOWN AND THE TURBINE ROTOR IS NOT TURNED,
DISTORTION OF THE ROTOR WILL OCCUR AFTER SOME TIME. IF ANY IMMEDIATE RESTART
IS REQUIRED, THE RESULTANT ECCENTRICITY OF THE ROTOR CAN CAUSE SERIOUS
DAMAGE TO THE BLADE TIP SEALING OR TO THE BLADES THEMSELVES DUE TO RUBBING.
ALSO THE EXCESSIVE VIBRATION DUE TO UNBALANCE OF THE ROTOR CAN LEAD TO
PREMATURE WEAR OF THE BEARINGS. CONTINUOUS OR REGULAR INTERMITTENT
TURNING OF THE TURBINE ROTOR IN THESE CIRCUMSTANCES WILL ALLOW THE TURBINE
TO BE RESTARTED WITH OUT DANGER. THIS IS ACHIEVED BY THE TURNING DEVICE.
TURNING DEVICE :

HYDRAULIC TURNING DEVICE WHICH GETS MOTIVE OIL FROM LUBE OIL PUMP DISCHARGE
THROUGH A MOTOR OPERATED REGULATING VALVE SHALL SERVE ABOVE PURPOSE.
DURING START UP, THE MOTOR OPERATED VALVE SHALL BE IN FULL OPEN POSITION, TO
BREAK AWAY THE INITIAL TORQUE. ONCE THE SPEED PICKS UP AND REACHES THE
BARRING SPEED, THE VALVE SHALL BE MADE TO OPEN PARTIALLY TO MAINTAIN THE
BARRING SPEED. THE MOTOF OPERATED VALVE IS CONTROLLED FROM TURBINE
CONTROL SYSTEM.
PURPOSE

IF THE ROTOR OF A TURBINE, WHICH HAS BEEN DISCONNECTED FROM THE STEAM SUPPLY, IS
NOT BEING ROTATED ANY MORE, IT VERY LIKELY WILL SUFFER FROM CONSIDERABLE
WARPING DURING A CHARACTERISTIC INTERVAL OF THE COOLING. DOWN PERIOD. ANY
ATTEMPT TO RESTART THE TURBINE IN THIS CONDITION WOULD THEREFORE PRODUCE
RUBBING CONTACT BETWEEN THE MOVING AND STATIONARY BLADING WITH RESULTING
DETERIORATION OF THE BLADE-TIP SEALING. IN ORDER TO PERMIT SAFE RE-STARTING OF
THE TURBINE DURING THAT INTERVAL, HYDRAULIC TURNING GEAR HAS BEEN PROVIDED
WHICH BY IMPARTING A ROTATIONAL MOTION ENSURES DIS. TERTIAN FREE COOLING OF THE
TURBINE ROTOR AN THUS EFFECTIVELY PREVENTS ITS WARPING.
DESIGN AND MODE OF OPERATION

THE HYDRAULIC TURNING GEAR IS INCORPORATED IN THE REAR BEARING HOUSING. IT IS DESIGNED
AS A HYDRAULIC TURBINE WITH A SINGLE ROW OF BLADES WHICH IS POWERED BY PRESSURE OIL
AND CONSISTS OF A SEGMENT-SHAPED NOZZLE HOUSING AND A BLADE WHEEL

DURING THE TURNING OPERATION, THE TURBINE ROTOR (1) IS ROTATED BY THE IMPACT OF THE
PRESSURE OIL ON THE WHEEL BLADING. THE PRESSURE OIL WILL BE SUPPLIED BY AN AUXILIARY OIL
PUMP AND AFTER HAVING PASSED A SHUT- OFF VALVE, IS ADMITTED TO THE NOZZLE SEGMENT
WHICH DIRECTS . THE OIL JET UPON THE WHEEL BLADES. AFTER LEAVING THE RUNNING BLADING, THE
OIL JET WILL FLOW INTO THE BEARING HOUSING AND FROM THERE INTO THE DRAIN LINE. WITH
FULLY OPENED SHUT-OFF VALVE, THE HYDRAULIC TURNING GEAR WILL NORMALLY REVOLVE AT
SPEEDS BETWEEN 80 AND 120 RPM.
THANK YOU