Quality Model

Syed Tassuduq Hussain

Agenda

▶ What is Quality Model

▶ McCall Quality Model
▶ Boehm Quality Model
▶ FURPS Quality Model
▶ ISO /IEC 25010 Quality Model
What is Quality Model

▶ Quality Model express multidimensional nature of software quality

▶ Viewing software product from different perspective
▶ From developer point of view
▶ From customer point of view
▶ From user point of view
▶ Identifying important criteria for specifying and defining the metrics for
measure these criteria
▶ Few well-referred ones are:
▶ McCall’s Quality Model
▶ Boehm's Quality Model
▶ FURPS Model
▶ ISO /IEC 25010 Model
What is Quality Model

▶ McCall’s Quality Model

▶ This model was introduced by Jim McCall, Richard & Walters in 1977
▶ Also known as General Electrics Model of 1977
▶ This model was originates from US military. It was developed for the US Air Force
▶ Jim McCall tried to map the user view with the developer's priority.
▶ Jim McCall identified 3 perspectives
▶ 3 Quality perspectives contains 11 quality factors
▶ For each quality factor McCall defined one or more quality criteria (a way of
measurement), in this way an overall quality assessment could be made of a given
software product by evaluating the criteria for each factor.
What is Quality Model

▶ McCall’s Quality Model

▶ McCall identified three main perspectives for characterizing the quality attributes
of a software product
▶ Product revision (ability to change).
▶ Product transition (adaptability to new environments).
▶ Product operations (basic operational characteristics).
What is Quality Model

▶ McCall’s Quality Model

▶ McCall identified three main perspectives for characterizing the quality attributes
of a software product
▶ Product revision (ability to change)
▶ The product revision perspective identifies quality factors that influence the ability to change the
software product, these factors are:-
▶ Maintainability, the ability to find and fix a defect or modifiable to reduce fault.
▶ Flexibility, the ability to make changes required as dictated by the business.
▶ Testability, the ability to Validate the software requirements.
What is Quality Model

▶ McCall’s Quality Model

▶ McCall identified three main perspectives for characterizing the quality attributes
of a software product
▶ Product transition (adaptability to new environments).
▶ The product transition perspective identifies quality factors that influence the ability to adapt the
software to new environments:-
▶ Portability, the ability to transfer the software from one environment to another.
▶ Reusability, the ease of using existing software components in a different context.
▶ Interoperability, the extent, or ease, to which software components work together.
What is Quality Model

▶ McCall’s Quality Model

▶ McCall identified three main perspectives for characterizing the quality attributes
of a software product
▶ Product operations (basic operational characteristics).
▶ The product operations perspective identifies quality factors that influence the extent to which
the software fulfils its specification:-
▶ Correctness, the functionality matches the specification.
▶ Reliability, Does it do it accurately all the time?
▶ Efficiency, system resource (including cpu, disk, memory, network) usage.
▶ Integrity, protection from unauthorized access.
▶ Usability, ease of use.
What is Quality Model

▶ McCall’s Quality Model

▶ Quality perspectives contains 11 quality factors
▶ Quality factors contains 23 quality criteria

instrumentation refers to an ability

to monitor or measure the level of a
product's performance, to diagnose
errors and to write trace information
What is Quality Model

▶ Boehm's Quality Model

▶ Barry W. Boehm introduced quality model in 1978 for evaluating the quality of
software
▶ The model present a hierarchical structure similar to that of McCall’s quality model
▶ At the highest level of his model, Boehm defined three primary uses (or basic
software requirements), these three primary uses are:-
▶ As-is utility, How well (easily, reliably, efficiently) can I use it as-is?
▶ Maintainability, How easy is it to understand, modify and retest?
▶ Portability, Can I still use it if I change my environment?
What is Quality Model

▶ Boehm's Quality Model

▶ Boehm identified seven quality factors, namely:-
▶ Portability, the extent to which the software will work under different computer
configurations (i.e. operating systems, databases etc.).
▶ Reliability, the extent to which the software performs as required, i.e. the absence of
defects.
▶ Efficiency, optimum use of system resources during correct execution.
▶ Usability, ease of use.
▶ Testability, ease of validation, that the software meets the requirements.
▶ Understandability, the extent to which the software is easily comprehended with regard
to purpose and structure.
▶ Flexibility, the ease of changing the software to meet revised requirements.
What is Quality Model

▶ Boehm's Quality Model

What is Quality Model

▶ McCall’s Quality Model VS Boehm's Quality Model

What is Quality Model

▶ FURPS Quality Model

▶ This model is developed at Hewlett-Packard
▶ first publicly elaborated by Grady and Caswell
▶ Major Quality Attributes
▶ Functionality - Capability (Size & Generality of Feature Set), Reusability (Compatibility,
Interoperability, Portability), Security (Safety & Exploitability)
▶ Usability (UX) - Human Factors, Aesthetics, Consistency, Documentation, Responsiveness
▶ Reliability - Availability (Failure Frequency (Robustness/Durability/Resilience), Failure
Extent & Time-Length (Recoverability/Survivability)), Predictability (Stability), Accuracy
(Frequency/Severity of Error)
▶ Performance - Speed, Efficiency, Resource Consumption (power, ram, cache, etc.),
Throughput, Capacity, Scalability
▶ Supportability (Serviceability, Maintainability, Sustainability, Repair Speed) - Testability,
Flexibility (Modifiability, Configurability, Adaptability, Extensibility, Modularity),
Installability, Localizability
What is Quality Model

▶ ISO /IEC 25010 Model

▶ ISO/IEC then started work on SQuaRE (Software product Quality Requirements and
Evaluation)
▶ This standard is more extensive series of standards to replace ISO/IEC 9126.
▶ ISO 25010 has eight product quality characteristics (in contrast to ISO 9126's six),
and 31 subcharacteristics.
What is Quality Model

▶ ISO /IEC 25010 Model

What is Quality Model

▶ ISO /IEC 25010 Model

▶ Functional Suitability
▶ This characteristic represents the degree to which a product or system provides functions
that meet stated and indirect needs when used under specified conditions. This
characteristic is composed of the following sub characteristics:
▶ Functional completeness. Degree to which the set of functions covers all the specified tasks and
user objectives.

▶ Functional correctness. Degree to which a product or system provides the correct results with the
needed degree of precision.

▶ Functional appropriateness. Degree to which the functions facilitate the accomplishment of

specified tasks and objectives.
What is Quality Model

▶ ISO /IEC 25010 Model

▶ Performance efficiency
▶ This characteristic represents the performance relative to the amount of resources used
under stated conditions. This characteristic is composed of the following sub
characteristics:
▶ Time behavior. Degree to which the response and processing times and throughput rates of a
product or system, when performing its functions, meet requirements.

▶ Resource utilization. Degree to which the amounts and types of resources used by a product or
system, when performing its functions, meet requirements.

▶ Capacity. Degree to which the maximum limits of a product or system parameter meet
requirements.
What is Quality Model

▶ ISO /IEC 25010 Model

▶ Compatibility
▶ Degree to which a product, system or component can exchange information with other
products, systems or components, and/or perform its required functions, while sharing the
same hardware or software environment. This characteristic is composed of the following
sub characteristics:
▶ Co-existence. Degree to which a product can perform its required functions efficiently while
sharing a common environment and resources with other products, without detrimental impact on
any other product.

▶ Interoperability. Degree to which two or more systems, products or components can exchange
information and use the information that has been exchanged.
What is Quality Model

▶ ISO /IEC 25010 Model

▶ Usability
▶ Degree to which a product or system can be used by specified users to achieve specified goals
with effectiveness, efficiency and satisfaction in a specified context of use. This
characteristic is composed of the following sub characteristics:
▶ Appropriateness recognizability. Degree to which users can recognize whether a product or system is
appropriate for their needs.

▶ Learnability. degree to which a product or system can be used by specified users to achieve specified
goals of learning to use the product or system with effectiveness, efficiency, freedom from risk and
satisfaction in a specified context of use.

▶ Operability. Degree to which a product or system has attributes that make it easy to operate and
control.

▶ User error protection. Degree to which a system protects users against making errors.

▶ User interface aesthetics. Degree to which a user interface enables pleasing and satisfying interaction
for the user.

▶ Accessibility. Degree to which a product or system can be used by people with the widest range of
characteristics and capabilities to achieve a specified goal in a specified context of use.
What is Quality Model

▶ ISO /IEC 25010 Model

▶ Reliability
▶ Degree to which a system, product or component performs specified functions under
specified conditions for a specified period of time. This characteristic is composed of the
following subcharacteristics:
▶ Maturity. Degree to which a system, product or component meets needs for reliability under normal
operation.

▶ Availability. Degree to which a system, product or component is operational and accessible when
required for use.

▶ Fault tolerance. Degree to which a system, product or component operates as intended despite the
presence of hardware or software faults.

▶ Recoverability. Degree to which, in the event of an interruption or a failure, a product or system can
recover the data directly affected and re-establish the desired state of the system.
What is Quality Model

▶ ISO /IEC 25010 Model

▶ Security
▶ degree to which a product or system protects information and data so that persons or other
products or systems have the degree of data access appropriate to their types and levels of
authorization. This characteristic is composed of the following subcharacteristics:
▶ Confidentiality. Degree to which a product or system ensures that data are accessible only to those
authorized to have access.

▶ Integrity. Degree to which a system, product or component prevents unauthorized access to, or
modification of, computer programs or data.

▶ Non-repudiation. degree to which actions or events can be proven to have taken place, so that the
events or actions cannot be repudiated later.

▶ Accountability. Degree to which the actions of an entity can be traced uniquely to the entity.

▶ Authenticity. Degree to which the identity of a subject or resource can be proved to be the one
claimed.
What is Quality Model

▶ ISO /IEC 25010 Model

▶ Maintainability
▶ This characteristic represents the degree of effectiveness and efficiency with which a
product or system can be modified to improve it, correct it or adapt it to changes in
environment, and in requirements. This characteristic is composed of the following
subcharacteristics:
▶ Modularity. Degree to which a system or computer program is composed of discrete components such
that a change to one component has minimal impact on other components.

▶ Reusability. Degree to which an asset can be used in more than one system, or in building other
assets.

▶ Analysability. Degree of effectiveness and efficiency with which it is possible to assess the impact on
a product or system of an intended change to one or more of its parts, or to diagnose a product for
deficiencies or causes of failures, or to identify parts to be modified.

▶ Modifiability. Degree to which a product or system can be effectively and efficiently modified without
introducing defects or degrading existing product quality.

▶ Testability. Degree of effectiveness and efficiency with which test criteria can be established for a
system, product or component and tests can be performed to determine whether those criteria have
been met.
What is Quality Model

▶ ISO /IEC 25010 Model

▶ Portability
▶ Degree of effectiveness and efficiency with which a system, product or component can be
transferred from one hardware, software or other operational or usage environment to
another. This characteristic is composed of the following subcharacteristics:
▶ Adaptability. Degree to which a product or system can effectively and efficiently be adapted for
different or evolving hardware, software or other operational or usage environments.

▶ Installability. Degree of effectiveness and efficiency with which a product or system can be
successfully installed and/or uninstalled in a specified environment.

▶ Replaceability. Degree to which a product can replace another specified software product for the
same purpose in the same environment.