CHAPTER IV

ARCHITECTURE
 What is Architecture?
 Architecture is the art or science of
designing and constructing buildings or
structures with durable materials
following certain standards, so as to
make them suited for their purpose, and
at the same time, are also visually and
aesthetically pleasing, practical, and
comfortable.
Sydney Opera House
Great Mosque of Kairouan
 Architectural styles emerged from
evolution of techniques and styles
particular to a culture in a given period.
 Architectonic means “the possession of
the qualities or structural design and the
technical aspects of organization in
space and time rather than the subject
matter, thus, recalling the three
dimensional clarity of architecture.”
(Dudley’s Glossary)
 Elements of Architecture
 Line delineates shape, thus, there are
geometric shapes cylindrical towers, box-like
or square office buildings, and pyramid
structures.
 Value refers to the amount of light needed to
suit the design’s purpose.
 Color paint can be applied to add beauty to
buildings and houses. However, the natural
color of the material used is by itself the
appeal, such those in brick houses.
 Texture refers to the materials in
relation to the perception of touch.
 Space is the quantity of dimensional
space enclosed by some closed
boundary
 Shape is an enclosed area distinguished
from its surroundings and often defined
by a contour line. It has height and
width and is usually considered two-
dimensional.
 Form is the organization of visual
elements in three dimensions. In
addition to height and width, form has
actual, or the illusion of, volume or
depth
 Space is created by the position and the
materials used by the designer.
 Architectural styles
 Historically and traditionally, architecture
has followed a succession of
recognizable styles that are identified as
Gothic, Baroque, or Neo-Classical; or it
has a homogenous style associated with
a particular culture, such as Greek,
Roman, or Egyptian.
 Architectural styles
 An architectural style is a specific method
of construction, characterized by the features
that make it notable. A style may include
such elements as form, method of
construction, materials, and regional
character. Most architecture can be classified
as a chronology of styles which changes over
time. These may reflect changing fashions,
changing beliefs and religions, or the
emergence of new ideas and new technology
which make new styles possible.