Problem Solving Tutor

This presentation is designed to develop your problem

solving skills in quantitative chemistry. Working through
the whole tutor program you will develop and use three
techniques for problem solving.
These have been called:
1. Knowing what you know (do this one first)
2. Tabulating the information (do this one second)
3. Storyboarding (do this one last)
You are about to start: Storyboarding

Next
Some important points:
You will need to use a calculator (or
the calculator function on your
computer/device).

Do not use the keyboard to advance or

go back through slides. Use the
mouse/screen tap and the icons:
Next Back

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Problem solving tutor
Storyboarding – a method of making
complex experimental descriptions
clear.

Next
 Storyboarding

Storyboarding is a good technique to

use on questions with a detailed
experimental procedure. You sketch out
a drawing of the method then label it
with relevant quantities and the
calculation. Here we will model on
screen what we want you to be able to
do on paper.
Next
 Question 1 Storyboarding

10 cm3 of hydrochloric acid of unknown

concentration was put into a 250 cm3
volumetric flask and it was made up to the
mark with distilled water. 25.0 cm3 of this
diluted hydrochloric acid required 19.8 cm3
of 0.100 mol dm-3 NaOH to reach the end
point of a titration using phenolphthalein
as the indicator. Calculate the
concentration of the original hydrochloric
acid.
Next
 Q1. 10 cm3 of hydrochloric acid of unknown concentration was put into a 250 cm 3
volumetric flask and it was made up to the mark with distilled water. 25.0 cm 3 of this
diluted hydrochloric acid required 19.8 cm3 of 0.1 mol dm-3 NaOH to reach the end point
of a titration using phenolphthalein as the indicator. Calculate the concentration of the
original hydrochloric acid.

Click on the piece of apparatus shown on the right that

should go in the space marked by A, then click Next.

Next
Apparatus feedback A

You make up a solution to a certain

volume in a volumetric flask.

Back
 Q1. 10 cm3 of hydrochloric acid of unknown concentration was put into a 250 cm 3
volumetric flask and it was made up to the mark with distilled water. 25.0 cm 3 of this
diluted hydrochloric acid required 19.8 cm3 of 0.1 mol dm-3 NaOH to reach the end point
of a titration using phenolphthalein as the indicator. Calculate the concentration of the
original hydrochloric acid.

Click on the piece of apparatus shown on the right that

should go in the space marked by A, then click Next.

Next
 Q1. 10 cm3 of hydrochloric acid of unknown concentration was put into a 250 cm 3
volumetric flask and it was made up to the mark with distilled water. 25.0 cm 3 of this
diluted hydrochloric acid required 19.8 cm3 of 0.1 mol dm-3 NaOH to reach the end point
of a titration using phenolphthalein as the indicator. Calculate the concentration of the
original hydrochloric acid.

Click on the piece of apparatus shown on the right that

should go in the space marked by B, then click Next.

Next
Apparatus feedback B

To take out an exact volume like 10

or 25 cm3 of the solution we would
use a pipette.

Back
 Q1. 10 cm3 of hydrochloric acid of unknown concentration was put into a 250 cm 3
volumetric flask and it was made up to the mark with distilled water. 25.0 cm 3 of this
diluted hydrochloric acid required 19.8 cm3 of 0.1 mol dm-3 NaOH to reach the end point
of a titration using phenolphthalein as the indicator. Calculate the concentration of the
original hydrochloric acid.

Click on the piece of apparatus shown on the right that

should go in the space marked by B, then click Next.

Next
 Q1. 10 cm3 of hydrochloric acid of unknown concentration was put into a 250 cm 3
volumetric flask and it was made up to the mark with distilled water. 25.0 cm 3 of this
diluted hydrochloric acid required 19.8 cm3 of 0.1 mol dm-3 NaOH to reach the end point
of a titration using phenolphthalein as the indicator. Calculate the concentration of the
original hydrochloric acid.

Click on the piece of apparatus shown on the right that

should go in the space marked by C, then click Next.

Next
Apparatus feedback C

We use a conical flask for titrations

because the narrow neck makes it
easy to swirl without spilling any of
the contents.

Back
 Q1. 10 cm3 of hydrochloric acid of unknown concentration was put into a 250 cm 3
volumetric flask and it was made up to the mark with distilled water. 25.0 cm 3 of this
diluted hydrochloric acid required 19.8 cm3 of 0.1 mol dm-3 NaOH to reach the end point
of a titration using phenolphthalein as the indicator. Calculate the concentration of the
original hydrochloric acid.

Click on the piece of apparatus shown on the right that

should go in the space marked by C, then click Next.

Next
 Q1. 10 cm3 of hydrochloric acid of unknown concentration was put into a 250 cm 3
volumetric flask and it was made up to the mark with distilled water. 25.0 cm 3 of this
diluted hydrochloric acid required 19.8 cm3 of 0.1 mol dm-3 NaOH to reach the end point
of a titration using phenolphthalein as the indicator. Calculate the concentration of the
original hydrochloric acid.
Made up to 250 cm3 of
4 diluted HCl(aq)

3
1 0.100 mol dm-3
NaOH(aq)
5
25 cm3 removed is 1/10 of
the dilute solution

19.8 cm3 of NaOH added

to reach end point

10 cm3 of original
HCl(aq)

2
NaOH was added to
reach end point
Click on the label shown on the right that would be best to
go in the space marked by 1, then click Next.

Next
Label feedback 1

Here we are taking the 10 cm3 of the

original acid. Notice that the labels
should contain the quantities if
appropriate.

Back
 Q1. 10 cm3 of hydrochloric acid of unknown concentration was put into a 250 cm 3
volumetric flask and it was made up to the mark with distilled water. 25.0 cm 3 of this
diluted hydrochloric acid required 19.8 cm3 of 0.1 mol dm-3 NaOH to reach the end point
of a titration using phenolphthalein as the indicator. Calculate the concentration of the
original hydrochloric acid.
Made up to 250 cm3 of
4 diluted HCl(aq)

3
1 0.100 mol dm-3
NaOH(aq)
5
25 cm3 removed is 1/10 of
the dilute solution

19.8 cm3 of NaOH added

to reach end point

10 cm3 of original
HCl(aq)

2
NaOH was added to
reach end point
Click on the label shown on the right that would be best to
go in the space marked by 1, then click Next.

Next
 Q1. 10 cm3 of hydrochloric acid of unknown concentration was put into a 250 cm 3
volumetric flask and it was made up to the mark with distilled water. 25.0 cm 3 of this
diluted hydrochloric acid required 19.8 cm3 of 0.1 mol dm-3 NaOH to reach the end point
of a titration using phenolphthalein as the indicator. Calculate the concentration of the
original hydrochloric acid.
Made up to 250 cm3 of
10 cm3 of original 4 diluted HCl(aq)
HCl(aq)
3
0.100 mol dm-3
NaOH(aq)
5
25 cm3 removed is 1/10 of
the dilute solution

19.8 cm3 of NaOH added

to reach end point

NaOH was added to

reach end point

Click on the label shown on the right that would be best to

go in the space marked by 2, then click Next.

Next
Label feedback 2

Here we are diluting the 10 cm3 of

the original acid up to 250 cm3.
Notice that the labels should contain
the quantities if appropriate.

Back
 Q1. 10 cm3 of hydrochloric acid of unknown concentration was put into a 250 cm 3
volumetric flask and it was made up to the mark with distilled water. 25.0 cm 3 of this
diluted hydrochloric acid required 19.8 cm3 of 0.1 mol dm-3 NaOH to reach the end point
of a titration using phenolphthalein as the indicator. Calculate the concentration of the
original hydrochloric acid.
Made up to 250 cm3 of
10 cm3 of original 4 diluted HCl(aq)
HCl(aq)
3
0.100 mol dm-3
NaOH(aq)
5
25 cm3 removed is 1/10 of
the dilute solution

19.8 cm3 of NaOH added

to reach end point

NaOH was added to

reach end point

Click on the label shown on the right that would be best to

go in the space marked by 2, then click Next.

Next
 Q1. 10 cm3 of hydrochloric acid of unknown concentration was put into a 250 cm 3
volumetric flask and it was made up to the mark with distilled water. 25.0 cm 3 of this
diluted hydrochloric acid required 19.8 cm3 of 0.1 mol dm-3 NaOH to reach the end point
of a titration using phenolphthalein as the indicator. Calculate the concentration of the
original hydrochloric acid.
0.100 mol dm-3
10 cm3 of original 4 NaOH(aq)
HCl(aq)
3
25 cm3 removed is 1/10 of
the dilute solution
5
19.8 cm3 of NaOH added
to reach end point

NaOH was added to

reach end point

Made up to 250 cm3 2

of
diluted HCl(aq)

Click on the label shown on the right that would be best to

go in the space marked by 3, then click Next.

Next
Label feedback 3

Here we are taking 25 cm3 of the

250 cm3 of dilute acid. Notice that the
labels should contain the quantities,
such as: this is one-tenth of the whole.

Back
 Q1. 10 cm3 of hydrochloric acid of unknown concentration was put into a 250 cm 3
volumetric flask and it was made up to the mark with distilled water. 25.0 cm 3 of this
diluted hydrochloric acid required 19.8 cm3 of 0.1 mol dm-3 NaOH to reach the end point
of a titration using phenolphthalein as the indicator. Calculate the concentration of the
original hydrochloric acid.
0.100 mol dm-3
10 cm3 of original 4 NaOH(aq)
HCl(aq)
3
25 cm3 removed is 1/10 of
the dilute solution
5
19.8 cm3 of NaOH added
to reach end point

NaOH was added to

reach end point

Made up to 250 cm3 2

of
diluted HCl(aq)

Click on the label shown on the right that would be best to

go in the space marked by 3, then click Next.

Next
 Q1. 10 cm3 of hydrochloric acid of unknown concentration was put into a 250 cm 3
volumetric flask and it was made up to the mark with distilled water. 25.0 cm 3 of this
diluted hydrochloric acid required 19.8 cm3 of 0.1 mol dm-3 NaOH to reach the end point
of a titration using phenolphthalein as the indicator. Calculate the concentration of the
original hydrochloric acid.
0.100 mol dm-3
10 cm3 of original 25 cm3 removed is 1/10 of 4 NaOH(aq)
HCl(aq) the dilute solution
3
19.8 cm3 of NaOH added
to reach end point
5
NaOH was added to
reach end point

Made up to 250 cm3 2

of
diluted HCl(aq)

Click on the label shown on the right that would be best to

go in the space marked by 4, then click Next.

Next
Label feedback 4

Here we are labelling the contents of

the burette. Notice that the labels
should contain the quantities such
as the concentration of the NaOH.

Back
 Q1. 10 cm3 of hydrochloric acid of unknown concentration was put into a 250 cm 3
volumetric flask and it was made up to the mark with distilled water. 25.0 cm 3 of this
diluted hydrochloric acid required 19.8 cm3 of 0.1 mol dm-3 NaOH to reach the end point
of a titration using phenolphthalein as the indicator. Calculate the concentration of the
original hydrochloric acid.
0.100 mol dm-3
10 cm3 of original 25 cm3 removed is 1/10 of 4 NaOH(aq)
HCl(aq) the dilute solution
3
19.8 cm3 of NaOH added
to reach end point
5
NaOH was added to
reach end point

Made up to 250 cm3 2

of
diluted HCl(aq)

Click on the label shown on the right that would be best to

go in the space marked by 4, then click Next.

Next
 Q1. 10 cm3 of hydrochloric acid of unknown concentration was put into a 250 cm 3
volumetric flask and it was made up to the mark with distilled water. 25.0 cm 3 of this
diluted hydrochloric acid required 19.8 cm3 of 0.1 mol dm-3 NaOH to reach the end point
of a titration using phenolphthalein as the indicator. Calculate the concentration of the
original hydrochloric acid.
0.100 mol dm-3 19.8 cm3 of NaOH added
10 cm3 of original 25 cm3 removed is 1/10 of 4 NaOH(aq) to reach end point
HCl(aq) the dilute solution
3
NaOH was added to
reach end point
5

Made up to 250 cm3 2

of
diluted HCl(aq)

Click on the label shown on the right that would be best to

go in the space marked by 5, then click Next.

Next
Label feedback 5

It is better to state the titre value in

the label – the information you are
going to use in the calculation
should all appear on the storyboard.

Back
 Q1. 10 cm3 of hydrochloric acid of unknown concentration was put into a 250 cm 3
volumetric flask and it was made up to the mark with distilled water. 25.0 cm 3 of this
diluted hydrochloric acid required 19.8 cm3 of 0.1 mol dm-3 NaOH to reach the end point
of a titration using phenolphthalein as the indicator. Calculate the concentration of the
original hydrochloric acid.
0.100 mol dm-3 19.8 cm3 of NaOH added
10 cm3 of original 25 cm3 removed is 1/10 of 4 NaOH(aq) to reach end point
HCl(aq) the dilute solution
3
NaOH was added to
reach end point
5

Made up to 250 cm3 2

of
diluted HCl(aq)

Click on the label shown on the right that would be best to

go in the space marked by 5, then click Next.

Next
 Q1. 10 cm3 of hydrochloric acid of unknown concentration was put into a 250 cm 3
volumetric flask and it was made up to the mark with distilled water. 25.0 cm 3 of this
diluted hydrochloric acid required 19.8 cm3 of 0.1 mol dm-3 NaOH to reach the end point
of a titration using phenolphthalein as the indicator. Calculate the concentration of the
original hydrochloric acid.
0.100 mol dm-3
10 cm3 of original 25 cm3 removed is 1/10 of 4 NaOH(aq)
HCl(aq) the dilute solution
3

19.8 cm3 of NaOH added

to reach end point

= mol

Made up to 250 cm3 2

of
diluted HCl(aq)

Click on the correct quantity for the number of moles of

NaOH, then click Next.
19.8 0.198 0.00198
1.98 0.0198 0.000198 Next
Moles of NaOH feedback

To calculate the number of moles of

NaOH use
moles = concentration x volume (in dm3).

Back
 Q1. 10 cm3 of hydrochloric acid of unknown concentration was put into a 250 cm 3
volumetric flask and it was made up to the mark with distilled water. 25.0 cm 3 of this
diluted hydrochloric acid required 19.8 cm3 of 0.1 mol dm-3 NaOH to reach the end point
of a titration using phenolphthalein as the indicator. Calculate the concentration of the
original hydrochloric acid.
0.100 mol dm-3
10 cm3 of original 25 cm3 removed is 1/10 of 4 NaOH(aq)
HCl(aq) the dilute solution
3

19.8 cm33of
19.8cm ofNaOH
NaOHadded
added
to reach end
to reach end pointpoint

= 0.00198 mol of NaOH

mol

Made up to 250 cm3 2

of
diluted HCl(aq)

Click on the correct quantity for the number of moles of

NaOH, then click Next.
19.8 0.198 0.00198
1.98 0.0198 0.000198 Next
 Q1. 10 cm3 of hydrochloric acid of unknown concentration was put into a 250 cm 3
volumetric flask and it was made up to the mark with distilled water. 25.0 cm 3 of this
diluted hydrochloric acid required 19.8 cm3 of 0.1 mol dm-3 NaOH to reach the end point
of a titration using phenolphthalein as the indicator. Calculate the concentration of the
original hydrochloric acid.
0.100 mol dm-3
10 cm3 of original 25 cm3 removed is 1/10 of 4 NaOH(aq)
HCl(aq) the dilute solution
3

19.8 cm3 of NaOH added

to reach end point

= 0.00198 mol of NaOH

Moles of HCl =

Made up to 250 cm3 2

of
diluted HCl(aq)

Click on the correct quantity for the number of moles of HCl

in the conical flask, then click Next.
19.8 0.198 0.00198
1.98 0.0198 0.000198 Next
Moles of HCl feedback 1

To calculate the number of moles of

HCl use the mole ratio and the
number of moles of NaOH.
The equation is:
HCl + NaOH  NaCl + H2O

Back
 Q1. 10 cm3 of hydrochloric acid of unknown concentration was put into a 250 cm 3
volumetric flask and it was made up to the mark with distilled water. 25.0 cm 3 of this
diluted hydrochloric acid required 19.8 cm3 of 0.1 mol dm-3 NaOH to reach the end point
of a titration using phenolphthalein as the indicator. Calculate the concentration of the
original hydrochloric acid.
0.100 mol dm-3
10 cm3 of original 25 cm3 removed is 1/10 of 4 NaOH(aq)
HCl(aq) the dilute solution
3

19.8 cm3 of NaOH added

to reach end point

= 0.00198 mol of NaOH

Moles of HCl 3
Mol of HCl = = 0.00198 (in 25 cm
of dilute solution)

Made up to 250 cm3 2

of
diluted HCl(aq)

Click on the correct quantity for the number of moles of HCl

in the conical flask, then click Next.
19.8 0.198 0.00198
1.98 0.0198 0.000198 Next
 Q1. 10 cm3 of hydrochloric acid of unknown concentration was put into a 250 cm 3
volumetric flask and it was made up to the mark with distilled water. 25.0 cm 3 of this
diluted hydrochloric acid required 19.8 cm3 of 0.1 mol dm-3 NaOH to reach the end point
of a titration using phenolphthalein as the indicator. Calculate the concentration of the
original hydrochloric acid.
0.100 mol dm-3
10 cm3 of original 25 cm3 removed is 1/10 of 4 NaOH(aq)
HCl(aq) the dilute solution
3

19.8 cm3 of NaOH added

to reach end point

= 0.00198 mol of NaOH

Moles of HCl = 0.00198 (in 25 cm3

of dilute solution)
Made up to 250 cm33 of
diluted HCl(aq)

= = 0.0198 molmol

Click on the correct quantity for the number of moles of HCl

in the volumetric flask, then click Next.
19.8 0.198 0.00198
1.98 0.0198 0.000198 Next
Moles of HCl feedback 2

25 cm3, which is 1/10 of the 250 cm3

solution, was taken and titrated
against NaOH. So to work
backwards from the amount of HCl
in the conical flask you need to
multiply by 10.

Back
 Q1. 10 cm3 of hydrochloric acid of unknown concentration was put into a 250 cm 3
volumetric flask and it was made up to the mark with distilled water. 25.0 cm 3 of this
diluted hydrochloric acid required 19.8 cm3 of 0.1 mol dm-3 NaOH to reach the end point
of a titration using phenolphthalein as the indicator. Calculate the concentration of the
original hydrochloric acid.
0.100 mol dm-3
10 cm3 of original 25 cm3 removed is 1/10 of 4 NaOH(aq)
HCl(aq) the dilute solution
3

19.8 cm3 of NaOH added

to reach end point

= 0.00198 mol of NaOH

Moles of HCl = 0.00198 (in 25 cm3

of dilute solution)
Made up to 250 cm3 of
diluted HCl(aq)

= 0.0198 mol

Click on the correct quantity for the number of moles of HCl

in the volumetric flask, then click Next.
19.8 0.198 0.00198
1.98 0.0198 0.000198 Next
 Q1. 10 cm3 of hydrochloric acid of unknown concentration was put into a 250 cm 3
volumetric flask and it was made up to the mark with distilled water. 25.0 cm 3 of this
diluted hydrochloric acid required 19.8 cm3 of 0.1 mol dm-3 NaOH to reach the end point
of a titration using phenolphthalein as the indicator. Calculate the concentration of the
original hydrochloric acid.
0.100 mol dm-3
10 cm3 of original
HCl(aq) conc 25 cm3 removed is 1/10 of 4 NaOH(aq)
the dilute solution
= M
3

19.8 cm3 of NaOH added

to reach end point

= 0.00198 mol of NaOH

Moles of HCl = 0.00198 (in 25 cm3

of dilute solution)
Made up to 250 cm3 of
diluted HCl(aq)
2
= 0.0198 mol

Click on the correct quantity for the original concentration of

HCl, then click Next.
19.8 0.198 0.00198
1.98 0.0198 0.000198 Next
Concentration of HCl feedback

The number of moles of HCl in the

250 cm3 of dilute solution = the
number of moles of HCl in 10 cm3 of
the original acid.
Use concentration = moles / volume
for this 10 cm3 of the original acid.

Back
 Q1. 10 cm3 of hydrochloric acid of unknown concentration was put into a 250 cm 3
volumetric flask and it was made up to the mark with distilled water. 25.0 cm 3 of this
diluted hydrochloric acid required 19.8 cm3 of 0.1 mol dm-3 NaOH to reach the end point
of a titration using phenolphthalein as the indicator. Calculate the concentration of the
original hydrochloric acid.
0.100 mol dm-3
10 cm3 of original
HCl(aq) conc 25 cm3 removed is 1/10 of 4 NaOH(aq)
the dilute solution
= M
3

19.8 cm3 of NaOH added

to reach end point

= 0.00198 mol of NaOH

Moles of HCl = 0.00198 (in 25 cm3

of dilute solution)
Made up to 250 cm3 of
diluted HCl(aq)
2
= 0.0198 mol

Click on the correct quantity for the original concentration of

HCl, then click Next.
19.8 0.198 0.00198
1.98 0.0198 0.000198 Next
 Q1. 10 cm3 of hydrochloric acid of unknown concentration was put into a 250 cm 3
volumetric flask and it was made up to the mark with distilled water. 25.0 cm 3 of this
diluted hydrochloric acid required 19.8 cm3 of 0.1 mol dm-3 NaOH to reach the end point
of a titration using phenolphthalein as the indicator. Calculate the concentration of the
original hydrochloric acid.
0.100 mol dm-3
10 cm3 of original 25 cm3 removed is 1/10 of 4 NaOH(aq)
HCl(aq) the dilute solution
3

19.8 cm3 of NaOH added

to reach end point

= 0.00198 mol of NaOH

Well done. The concentration of the original

acid is 1.98 mol dm-3. You have successfully
Mol of HCl = 0.00198 (in 25 cm of 3

dilute solution)
answered
33
Made up to 250 cm of
diluted HCl(aq)
2
the question
= 0.0198 mol mol

Click on the correct quantity for the original concentration of

HCl, then click Next.
19.8 0.198 0.00198
1.98 0.0198 0.000198 Next
 Storyboarding

Storyboarding gives you an overview of

the whole question – you readily pick up
on details like the sample (aliquot) used
for titration is simply 1/10 of the whole.

Next
 Question 2 Storyboarding

The equation for the reaction between

magnesium carbonate and hydrochloric acid
is:
MgCO3 + 2HCl  MgCl2 + H2O + CO2
When 75.0 cm3 of 0.200 mol dm-3 HCl were
added to 0.600 g of impure MgCO3 some
acid was left unreacted. The unreacted acid
required 17.8 cm3 of a 0.200 mol dm-3
solution of sodium hydroxide for complete
reaction. Calculate the percentage by mass
of MgCO3 in the sample.
Next
 Q2. The equation for the reaction between magnesium carbonate and hydrochloric acid is:
MgCO3 + 2HCl  MgCl2 + H2O + CO2
When 75.0 cm3 of 0.200 mol dm-3 HCl were added to 0.600 g of impure MgCO3 some acid was
left unreacted. The unreacted acid required 17.8 cm3 of a 0.200 mol dm-3 solution of sodium
hydroxide for complete reaction. Calculate the percentage by mass of MgCO3 in the sample.

A C
3x

Click on the piece of apparatus shown on the right that

should go in the space marked by A, then click Next.

Next
Apparatus feedback A

To take out an exact volume like

75 cm3 of the solution we would use
a 25 cm3 pipette three times.

Back
 Q2. The equation for the reaction between magnesium carbonate and hydrochloric acid is:
MgCO3 + 2HCl  MgCl2 + H2O + CO2
When 75.0 cm3 of 0.200 mol dm-3 HCl were added to 0.600 g of impure MgCO3 some acid was
left unreacted. The unreacted acid required 17.8 cm3 of a 0.200 mol dm-3 solution of sodium
hydroxide for complete reaction. Calculate the percentage by mass of MgCO3 in the sample.

A C
3x

Click on the piece of apparatus shown on the right that

should go in the space marked by A, then click Next.

Next
 Q2. The equation for the reaction between magnesium carbonate and hydrochloric acid is:
MgCO3 + 2HCl  MgCl2 + H2O + CO2
When 75.0 cm3 of 0.200 mol dm-3 HCl were added to 0.600 g of impure MgCO3 some acid was
left unreacted. The unreacted acid required 17.8 cm3 of a 0.200 mol dm-3 solution of sodium
hydroxide for complete reaction. Calculate the percentage by mass of MgCO3 in the sample.

C
3x

Click on the piece of apparatus shown on the right that

should go in the space marked by B, then click Next.

Next
Apparatus feedback B

We are adding the acid to the

impure magnesium carbonate. In
this case impurities are shown as
black dots in the yellow solid.

Back
 Q2. The equation for the reaction between magnesium carbonate and hydrochloric acid is:
MgCO3 + 2HCl  MgCl2 + H2O + CO2
When 75.0 cm3 of 0.200 mol dm-3 HCl were added to 0.600 g of impure MgCO3 some acid was
left unreacted. The unreacted acid required 17.8 cm3 of a 0.200 mol dm-3 solution of sodium
hydroxide for complete reaction. Calculate the percentage by mass of MgCO3 in the sample.

C
3x

Click on the piece of apparatus shown on the right that

should go in the space marked by B, then click Next.

Next
 Q2. The equation for the reaction between magnesium carbonate and hydrochloric acid is:
MgCO3 + 2HCl  MgCl2 + H2O + CO2
When 75.0 cm3 of 0.200 mol dm-3 HCl were added to 0.600 g of impure MgCO3 some acid was
left unreacted. The unreacted acid required 17.8 cm3 of a 0.200 mol dm-3 solution of sodium
hydroxide for complete reaction. Calculate the percentage by mass of MgCO3 in the sample.

C
3x

Click on the piece of apparatus shown on the right that

should go in the space marked by C, then click Next.

Next
Apparatus feedback C

We use a burette to add the volume

of NaOH that exactly neutralises the
remaining HCl.

Back
 Q2. The equation for the reaction between magnesium carbonate and hydrochloric acid is:
MgCO3 + 2HCl  MgCl2 + H2O + CO2
When 75.0 cm3 of 0.200 mol dm-3 HCl were added to 0.600 g of impure MgCO3 some acid was
left unreacted. The unreacted acid required 17.8 cm3 of a 0.200 mol dm-3 solution of sodium
hydroxide for complete reaction. Calculate the percentage by mass of MgCO3 in the sample.

C
3x

Click on the piece of apparatus shown on the right that

should go in the space marked by C, then click Next.

Next
 Q2. The equation for the reaction between magnesium carbonate and hydrochloric acid is:
MgCO3 + 2HCl  MgCl2 + H2O + CO2
When 75.0 cm3 of 0.200 mol dm-3 HCl were added to 0.600 g of impure MgCO3 some acid was
left unreacted. The unreacted acid required 17.8 cm3 of a 0.200 mol dm-3 solution of sodium
hydroxide for complete reaction. Calculate the percentage by mass of MgCO3 in the sample.

17.8 cm3 of NaOH

added to reach end
point
2 3 0.200 mol dm-3
5 NaOH(aq)

6 Impure solid,
3x
mass of MgCO3 +
impurities
= 0.600 g

75 cm3 of HCl(aq)
4
1
0.200 mol dm-3
HCl(aq)

Click on the label shown on the right that would be best to All MgCO3
reacted, Xs
go in the space marked by 1, then click Next. HCl(aq) and
impurities left

Next
Label feedback 1

Here we are labelling the original

quantity of acid. The label should
include all the details needed for the
calculation.

Back
 Q2. The equation for the reaction between magnesium carbonate and hydrochloric acid is:
MgCO3 + 2HCl  MgCl2 + H2O + CO2
When 75.0 cm3 of 0.200 mol dm-3 HCl were added to 0.600 g of impure MgCO3 some acid was
left unreacted. The unreacted acid required 17.8 cm3 of a 0.200 mol dm-3 solution of sodium
hydroxide for complete reaction. Calculate the percentage by mass of MgCO3 in the sample.

17.8 cm3 of NaOH

added to reach end
point
2 3 0.200 mol dm-3
5 NaOH(aq)

6 Impure solid,
3x
mass of MgCO3 +
impurities
= 0.600 g

4 75 cm3 of HCl(aq)
1
0.200 mol dm-3
HCl(aq)
Click on the label shown on the right that would be best to All MgCO3
go in the space marked by 1, then click Next. reacted, Xs
HCl(aq) and
impurities left
Next
 Q2. The equation for the reaction between magnesium carbonate and hydrochloric acid is:
MgCO3 + 2HCl  MgCl2 + H2O + CO2
When 75.0 cm3 of 0.200 mol dm-3 HCl were added to 0.600 g of impure MgCO3 some acid was
left unreacted. The unreacted acid required 17.8 cm3 of a 0.200 mol dm-3 solution of sodium
hydroxide for complete reaction. Calculate the percentage by mass of MgCO3 in the sample.

17.8 cm3 of NaOH

added to reach end
point
2 3 0.200 mol dm-3
5 NaOH(aq)

6 Impure solid,
3x
mass of MgCO3 +
impurities
= 0.600 g

4 75 cm3 of HCl(aq)
0.200 mol dm-3
HCl(aq)
All MgCO3
reacted, Xs
Click on the label shown on the right that would be best to HCl(aq) and
go in the space marked by 2, then click Next. impurities left

Next
Label feedback 2

Here we are taking 75 cm3 of the

HCl. Notice that the labels should
contain the quantities.

Back
 Q2. The equation for the reaction between magnesium carbonate and hydrochloric acid is:
MgCO3 + 2HCl  MgCl2 + H2O + CO2
When 75.0 cm3 of 0.200 mol dm-3 HCl were added to 0.600 g of impure MgCO3 some acid was
left unreacted. The unreacted acid required 17.8 cm3 of a 0.200 mol dm-3 solution of sodium
hydroxide for complete reaction. Calculate the percentage by mass of MgCO3 in the sample.

17.8 cm3 of NaOH

added to reach end
point
2 3 0.200 mol dm-3
5 NaOH(aq)

6 Impure solid,
3x
mass of MgCO3 +
impurities
= 0.600 g

4 75 cm3 of HCl(aq)
0.200 mol dm-3
HCl(aq)
All MgCO3
reacted, Xs
Click on the label shown on the right that would be best to HCl(aq) and
go in the space marked by 2, then click Next. impurities left

Next
 Q2. The equation for the reaction between magnesium carbonate and hydrochloric acid is:
MgCO3 + 2HCl  MgCl2 + H2O + CO2
When 75.0 cm3 of 0.200 mol dm-3 HCl were added to 0.600 g of impure MgCO3 some acid was
left unreacted. The unreacted acid required 17.8 cm3 of a 0.200 mol dm-3 solution of sodium
hydroxide for complete reaction. Calculate the percentage by mass of MgCO3 in the sample.

17.8 cm3 of NaOH

added to reach end
point
75 3
2 cm of HCl(aq) 3 0.200 mol dm-3
5 NaOH(aq)

6 Impure solid,
3x
mass of MgCO3 +
impurities
= 0.600 g

All MgCO3
0.200 mol dm-3
4 reacted, Xs
HCl(aq) HCl(aq) and
impurities left

Click on the label shown on the right that would be best to

go in the space marked by 3, then click Next.

Next
Label feedback 3

Here we are labelling the impure

sample of magnesium carbonate.

Back
 Q2. The equation for the reaction between magnesium carbonate and hydrochloric acid is:
MgCO3 + 2HCl  MgCl2 + H2O + CO2
When 75.0 cm3 of 0.200 mol dm-3 HCl were added to 0.600 g of impure MgCO3 some acid was
left unreacted. The unreacted acid required 17.8 cm3 of a 0.200 mol dm-3 solution of sodium
hydroxide for complete reaction. Calculate the percentage by mass of MgCO3 in the sample.

17.8 cm3 of NaOH

added to reach end
point
75 cm3 of HCl(aq)
3 0.200 mol dm-3
5 NaOH(aq)

6 Impure solid,
3x
mass of MgCO3 +
impurities
= 0.600 g

All MgCO3
0.200 mol dm-3
4 reacted, Xs
HCl(aq) HCl(aq) and
impurities left

Click on the label shown on the right that would be best to

go in the space marked by 3, then click Next.

Next
 Q2. The equation for the reaction between magnesium carbonate and hydrochloric acid is:
MgCO3 + 2HCl  MgCl2 + H2O + CO2
When 75.0 cm3 of 0.200 mol dm-3 HCl were added to 0.600 g of impure MgCO3 some acid was
left unreacted. The unreacted acid required 17.8 cm3 of a 0.200 mol dm-3 solution of sodium
hydroxide for complete reaction. Calculate the percentage by mass of MgCO3 in the sample.

17.8 cm3 of NaOH

Impure solid, added to reach end
mass of MgCO3 + point
75 cm3 of HCl(aq) impurities
= 0.600 g 0.200 mol dm-3
5 NaOH(aq)

6 All MgCO3
3x reacted, Xs
HCl(aq) and
impurities left

0.200 mol dm-3

4
HCl(aq)

Click on the label shown on the right that would be best to

go in the space marked by 4, then click Next.

Next
Label feedback 4

Here we are labelling the remaining

HCl once all the magnesium
carbonate has reacted.

Back
 Q2. The equation for the reaction between magnesium carbonate and hydrochloric acid is:
MgCO3 + 2HCl  MgCl2 + H2O + CO2
When 75.0 cm3 of 0.200 mol dm-3 HCl were added to 0.600 g of impure MgCO3 some acid was
left unreacted. The unreacted acid required 17.8 cm3 of a 0.200 mol dm-3 solution of sodium
hydroxide for complete reaction. Calculate the percentage by mass of MgCO3 in the sample.

17.8 cm3 of NaOH

Impure solid, added to reach end
mass of MgCO3 + point
75 cm3 of HCl(aq) impurities
= 0.600 g 0.200 mol dm-3
5 NaOH(aq)

6 All MgCO3
3x reacted, Xs
HCl(aq) and
impurities left

0.200 mol dm-3

4
HCl(aq)

Click on the label shown on the right that would be best to

go in the space marked by 4, then click Next.

Next
 Q2. The equation for the reaction between magnesium carbonate and hydrochloric acid is:
MgCO3 + 2HCl  MgCl2 + H2O + CO2
When 75.0 cm3 of 0.200 mol dm-3 HCl were added to 0.600 g of impure MgCO3 some acid was
left unreacted. The unreacted acid required 17.8 cm3 of a 0.200 mol dm-3 solution of sodium
hydroxide for complete reaction. Calculate the percentage by mass of MgCO3 in the sample.

17.8 cm3 of NaOH

Impure solid, added to reach end
mass of MgCO3 + point
75 cm3 of HCl(aq) impurities
= 0.600 g 0.200 mol dm-3
5 NaOH(aq)

6
3x

All MgCO3
0.200 mol reacted, Xs
dm-3 HCl(aq) and
HCl(aq) impurities left

Click on the label shown on the right that would be best to

go in the space marked by 5, then click Next.

Next
Label feedback 5

Here we are labelling the

concentration of NaOH. We would
put the titre value on the arrow label
beside the burette.

Back
 Q2. The equation for the reaction between magnesium carbonate and hydrochloric acid is:
MgCO3 + 2HCl  MgCl2 + H2O + CO2
When 75.0 cm3 of 0.200 mol dm-3 HCl were added to 0.600 g of impure MgCO3 some acid was
left unreacted. The unreacted acid required 17.8 cm3 of a 0.200 mol dm-3 solution of sodium
hydroxide for complete reaction. Calculate the percentage by mass of MgCO3 in the sample.

17.8 cm3 of NaOH

Impure solid, added to reach end
mass of MgCO3 + point
75 cm3 of HCl(aq) impurities
= 0.600 g 0.200 mol dm-3
5 NaOH(aq)

6
3x

All MgCO3
0.200 mol reacted, Xs
dm-3 HCl(aq) and
HCl(aq) impurities left

Click on the label shown on the right that would be best to

go in the space marked by 5, then click Next.

Next
 Q2. The equation for the reaction between magnesium carbonate and hydrochloric acid is:
MgCO3 + 2HCl  MgCl2 + H2O + CO2
When 75.0 cm3 of 0.200 mol dm-3 HCl were added to 0.600 g of impure MgCO3 some acid was
left unreacted. The unreacted acid required 17.8 cm3 of a 0.200 mol dm-3 solution of sodium
hydroxide for complete reaction. Calculate the percentage by mass of MgCO3 in the sample.

Impure solid,
mass of MgCO3 +
75 cm3 of HCl(aq) impurities
= 0.600 g 0.200 mol dm-3
NaOH(aq)

17.8 cm3 of NaOH

added to reach end
3x
point

All MgCO3
0.200 mol reacted, Xs
dm-3 HCl(aq) and
HCl(aq) impurities left

Click on the correct calculation for the number of moles of

NaOH added to reach the end point, then click Next.
17.8 x 0.200 0.00356 x 1 0.015 - 0.00356 24.3 +12 + 3 x 16

0.075 x 0.200 0.6 / 84.3 0.01144 x 84.3 0.0178 x 0.200 Next

Moles of NaOH feedback

To calculate the number of moles of

NaOH use moles = concentration x
volume (in dm3).

Back
 Q2. The equation for the reaction between magnesium carbonate and hydrochloric acid is:
MgCO3 + 2HCl  MgCl2 + H2O + CO2
When 75.0 cm3 of 0.200 mol dm-3 HCl were added to 0.600 g of impure MgCO3 some acid was
left unreacted. The unreacted acid required 17.8 cm3 of a 0.200 mol dm-3 solution of sodium
hydroxide for complete reaction. Calculate the percentage by mass of MgCO3 in the sample.

Impure solid,
mass of MgCO3 +
75 cm3 of HCl(aq) impurities
= 0.600 g 0.200 mol dm-3
NaOH(aq)

17.8 cm3 of NaOH

17.8 cm 3 of NaOH
added to reach end
3x added
point to reach end
point = 0.00356 mol

All MgCO3
0.200 mol reacted, Xs
dm-3 HCl(aq) and
HCl(aq) impurities left

Click on the correct calculation for the number of moles of

NaOH added to reach the end point, then click Next.
17.8 x 0.200 0.00356 x 1 0.015 - 0.00356 24.3 +12 + 3 x 16

0.075 x 0.200 0.6 / 84.3 0.01144 x 84.3 0.0178 x 0.200 Next

 Q2. The equation for the reaction between magnesium carbonate and hydrochloric acid is:
MgCO3 + 2HCl  MgCl2 + H2O + CO2
When 75.0 cm3 of 0.200 mol dm-3 HCl were added to 0.600 g of impure MgCO3 some acid was
left unreacted. The unreacted acid required 17.8 cm3 of a 0.200 mol dm-3 solution of sodium
hydroxide for complete reaction. Calculate the percentage by mass of MgCO3 in the sample.

Impure solid,
mass of MgCO3 +
75 cm3 of HCl(aq) impurities
= 0.600 g 0.200 mol dm-3
NaOH(aq)

17.8 cm3 of NaOH

3x added to reach end
point = 0.00356 mol

All MgCO3
0.200 mol reacted, Xs
dm-3 HCl(aq) and
HCl(aq) impurities left

Click on the correct calculation for the number of moles of

HCl remaining after the MgCO3 has reacted, then click Next.
17.8 x 0.200 0.00356 x 1 0.015 - 0.00356 24.3 +12 + 3 x 16

0.075 x 0.200 0.6 / 84.3 0.01144 x 84.3 (0.09644 / 0.6) x 100 Next
Moles of HCl feedback 1

To calculate the number of moles of

HCl use the mole ratio and the
number of moles of NaOH.
The equation is:
HCl + NaOH  NaCl + H2O

Back
 Q2. The equation for the reaction between magnesium carbonate and hydrochloric acid is:
MgCO3 + 2HCl  MgCl2 + H2O + CO2
When 75.0 cm3 of 0.200 mol dm-3 HCl were added to 0.600 g of impure MgCO3 some acid was
left unreacted. The unreacted acid required 17.8 cm3 of a 0.200 mol dm-3 solution of sodium
hydroxide for complete reaction. Calculate the percentage by mass of MgCO3 in the sample.

Impure solid,
mass of MgCO3 +
75 cm3 of HCl(aq) impurities
= 0.600 g 0.200 mol dm-3
NaOH(aq)

17.8 cm3 of NaOH

3x added to reach end
point = 0.00356 mol

0.200 mol Xs HCl(aq)

dm-3 = 0.00356 mol
HCl(aq)

Click on the correct calculation for the number of moles of

HCl remaining after the MgCO3 has reacted, then click Next.
17.8 x 0.200 0.00356 x 1 0.015 - 0.00356 24.3 +12 + 3 x 16

0.075 x 0.200 0.6 / 84.3 0.01144 x 84.3 (0.09644 / 0.6) x 100 Next
 Q2. The equation for the reaction between magnesium carbonate and hydrochloric acid is:
MgCO3 + 2HCl  MgCl2 + H2O + CO2
When 75.0 cm3 of 0.200 mol dm-3 HCl were added to 0.600 g of impure MgCO3 some acid was
left unreacted. The unreacted acid required 17.8 cm3 of a 0.200 mol dm-3 solution of sodium
hydroxide for complete reaction. Calculate the percentage by mass of MgCO3 in the sample.

Impure solid,
mass of MgCO3 +
75 cm3 of HCl(aq) impurities
= 0.600 g 0.200 mol dm-3
NaOH(aq)

17.8 cm3 of NaOH

3x added to reach end
point = 0.00356 mol

0.200 mol Xs HCl(aq)

dm-3 = 0.00356 mol
HCl(aq)

Click on the correct calculation for the number of moles of

HCl in the original 75 cm3, then click Next.
17.8 x 0.200 0.01144 / 2 0.015 - 0.00356 24.3 +12 + 3 x 16

0.075 x 0.200 0.6 / 84.3 0.01144 x 84.3 (0.09644 / 0.6) x 100 Next
Moles of HCl feedback 2

To calculate the number of moles of

HCl use moles = concentration x
volume (in dm3).

Back
 Q2. The equation for the reaction between magnesium carbonate and hydrochloric acid is:
MgCO3 + 2HCl  MgCl2 + H2O + CO2
When 75.0 cm3 of 0.200 mol dm-3 HCl were added to 0.600 g of impure MgCO3 some acid was
left unreacted. The unreacted acid required 17.8 cm3 of a 0.200 mol dm-3 solution of sodium
hydroxide for complete reaction. Calculate the percentage by mass of MgCO3 in the sample.

Impure solid,
75 cm3 of HCl(aq) mass of MgCO3 +
75 cm3 of HCl (aq) impurities
= 0.015 mol
= 0.600 g 0.200 mol dm-3
NaOH(aq)

17.8 cm3 of NaOH

3x added to reach end
point = 0.00356 mol

0.200 mol Xs HCl(aq)

dm-3 = 0.00356 mol
HCl(aq)

Click on the correct calculation for the number of moles of

HCl in the original 75 cm3, then click Next.
17.8 x 0.200 0.01144 / 2 0.015 - 0.00356 24.3 +12 + 3 x 16

0.075 x 0.200 0.6 / 84.3 0.01144 x 84.3 (0.09644 / 0.6) x 100 Next
 Q2. The equation for the reaction between magnesium carbonate and hydrochloric acid is:
MgCO3 + 2HCl  MgCl2 + H2O + CO2
When 75.0 cm3 of 0.200 mol dm-3 HCl were added to 0.600 g of impure MgCO3 some acid was
left unreacted. The unreacted acid required 17.8 cm3 of a 0.200 mol dm-3 solution of sodium
hydroxide for complete reaction. Calculate the percentage by mass of MgCO3 in the sample.

HCl reacted with MgCO3

Impure solid, = mol
75 cm3 of HCl(aq) mass of MgCO3 +
= 0.015 mol impurities
= 0.600 g 0.200 mol dm-3
NaOH(aq)

17.8 cm3 of NaOH

3x added to reach end
point = 0.00356 mol

0.200 mol Xs HCl(aq)

dm-3 = 0.00356 mol
HCl(aq)

Click on the correct calculation for the number of moles of

HCl that reacted with MgCO3, then click Next.
0.01144 x 2 0.01144 / 2 0.015 - 0.00356 24.3 +12 + 3 x 16

0.00572 x 84.3 0.6 / 84.3 0.01144 x 84.3 (0.09644 / 0.6) x 100 Next
Moles of HCl feedback 3

To calculate the number of moles of

HCl used up in the reaction with
MgCO3 you need to calculate the
difference between the original
number of moles from the 75 cm3 of
HCl and the HCl left over after the
reaction has finished.

Back
 Q2. The equation for the reaction between magnesium carbonate and hydrochloric acid is:
MgCO3 + 2HCl  MgCl2 + H2O + CO2
When 75.0 cm3 of 0.200 mol dm-3 HCl were added to 0.600 g of impure MgCO3 some acid was
left unreacted. The unreacted acid required 17.8 cm3 of a 0.200 mol dm-3 solution of sodium
hydroxide for complete reaction. Calculate the percentage by mass of MgCO3 in the sample.

HCl reacted
HCl reacted with
with MgCO
MgCO33
Impure solid, == 0.01144 mol
mol
75 cm3 of HCl(aq) mass of MgCO3 +
= 0.015 mol impurities
= 0.600 g 0.200 mol dm-3
NaOH(aq)

17.8 cm3 of NaOH

3x added to reach end
point = 0.00356 mol

0.200 mol Xs HCl(aq)

dm-3 = 0.00356 mol
HCl(aq)

Click on the correct calculation for the number of moles of

HCl that reacted with MgCO3, then click Next.
0.01144 x 2 0.01144 / 2 0.015 - 0.00356 24.3 +12 + 3 x 16

0.00572 x 84.3 0.6 / 84.3 0.01144 x 84.3 (0.09644 / 0.6) x 100 Next
 Q2. The equation for the reaction between magnesium carbonate and hydrochloric acid is:
MgCO3 + 2HCl  MgCl2 + H2O + CO2
When 75.0 cm3 of 0.200 mol dm-3 HCl were added to 0.600 g of impure MgCO3 some acid was
left unreacted. The unreacted acid required 17.8 cm3 of a 0.200 mol dm-3 solution of sodium
hydroxide for complete reaction. Calculate the percentage by mass of MgCO3 in the sample.

HCl reacted with MgCO3

Impure solid = 0.01144 mol
75 cm3 of HCl(aq) (0.600 g) mol of
= 0.015 mol MgCO3 = 0.200 mol dm-3
NaOH(aq)

17.8 cm3 of NaOH

3x added to reach end
point = 0.00356 mol

0.200 mol Xs HCl(aq)

dm-3 = 0.00356 mol
HCl(aq)

Click on the correct calculation for the number of moles of

MgCO3, then click Next.
0.01144 x 2 0.01144 / 2 0.482 / 0.6 x 100 24.3 +12 + 3 x 16

0.00572 x 84.3 0.6 / 84.3 0.01144 x 84.3 (0.09644 / 0.6) x 100 Next
Moles of MgCO3 feedback 1

To calculate the number of moles of

MgCO3 you need to use the mole
ratio from the balanced equation and
the number of moles of HCl.

Back
 Q2. The equation for the reaction between magnesium carbonate and hydrochloric acid is:
MgCO3 + 2HCl  MgCl2 + H2O + CO2
When 75.0 cm3 of 0.200 mol dm-3 HCl were added to 0.600 g of impure MgCO3 some acid was
left unreacted. The unreacted acid required 17.8 cm3 of a 0.200 mol dm-3 solution of sodium
hydroxide for complete reaction. Calculate the percentage by mass of MgCO3 in the sample.

HCl reacted with MgCO3

Impure
impure solid
solid = 0.01144 mol
75 cm3 of HCl(aq) (0.600g)g)mol
(0.600 molofof
= 0.015 mol MgCO33 = 0.00572
MgCO 0.200 mol dm-3
NaOH(aq)

17.8 cm3 of NaOH

3x added to reach end
point = 0.00356 mol

0.200 mol Xs HCl(aq)

dm-3 = 0.00356 mol
HCl(aq)

Click on the correct calculation for the number of moles of

MgCO3, then click Next.
0.01144 x 2 0.01144 / 2 0.482 / 0.6 x 100 24.3 +12 + 3 x 16

0.00572 x 84.3 0.6 / 84.3 0.01144 x 84.3 (0.09644 / 0.6) x 100 Next
 Q2. The equation for the reaction between magnesium carbonate and hydrochloric acid is:
MgCO3 + 2HCl  MgCl2 + H2O + CO2
When 75.0 cm3 of 0.200 mol dm-3 HCl were added to 0.600 g of impure MgCO3 some acid was
left unreacted. The unreacted acid required 17.8 cm3 of a 0.200 mol dm-3 solution of sodium
hydroxide for complete reaction. Calculate the percentage by mass of MgCO3 in the sample.

HCl reacted with MgCO3 17.8 cm3 of NaOH

Impure solid = 0.01144 mol added to reach end
75 cm3 of HCl(aq) (0.600 g) mol of point = 0.00356 mol
= 0.015 mol MgCO3 = 0.00572
0.200 mol dm-3
NaOH(aq)
Mr of MgCO3 =
3x

0.200 mol Xs HCl(aq)

dm-3 = 0.00356 mol
HCl(aq)

Click on the correct calculation for the Mr of MgCO3 (RAM

Mg = 24.3, C = 12.0 and O =16.0), then click Next.
0.6 24.3 +12+ 16 0.482 / 0.6 x 100 24.3 +12 + (3 x 16)

0.00572 x 84.3 0.6 / 84.3 0.01144 x 84.3 (0.09644/ 0 .6) x 100

Next
Mr of MgCO3 feedback

To calculate the relative formula

mass of MgCO3 you need to add
together the relative atomic masses
of all the atoms in the formula.

Back
 Q2. The equation for the reaction between magnesium carbonate and hydrochloric acid is:
MgCO3 + 2HCl  MgCl2 + H2O + CO2
When 75.0 cm3 of 0.200 mol dm-3 HCl were added to 0.600 g of impure MgCO3 some acid was
left unreacted. The unreacted acid required 17.8 cm3 of a 0.200 mol dm-3 solution of sodium
hydroxide for complete reaction. Calculate the percentage by mass of MgCO3 in the sample.

HCl reacted with MgCO3 17.8 cm3 of NaOH

Impure solid = 0.01144 mol added to reach end
75 cm3 of HCl(aq) (0.600 g) mol of point = 0.00356 mol
= 0.015 mol MgCO3 = 0.00572
0.200 mol dm-3
NaOH(aq)
Mr of MgCO3
Mr of MgCO =
= 84.3 3
3x

0.200 mol Xs HCl(aq)

dm-3 = 0.00356 mol
HCl(aq)

Click on the correct calculation for the Mr of MgCO3 (RAM

Mg = 24.3, C = 12.0 and O =16.0), then click Next.
0.6 24.3 + 12 + 16 0.482 / 0.6 x 100 24.3 +12 + (3 x 16)

0.00572 x 84.3 0.6 / 84.3 0.01144 x 84.3 (0.09644 / 0.6) x 100 Next
 Q2. The equation for the reaction between magnesium carbonate and hydrochloric acid is:
MgCO3 + 2HCl  MgCl2 + H2O + CO2
When 75.0 cm3 of 0.200 mol dm-3 HCl were added to 0.600 g of impure MgCO3 some acid was
left unreacted. The unreacted acid required 17.8 cm3 of a 0.200 mol dm-3 solution of sodium
hydroxide for complete reaction. Calculate the percentage by mass of MgCO3 in the sample.

HCl reacted with MgCO3 17.8 cm3 of NaOH

Impure solid = 0.01144 mol added to reach end
75 cm3 of HCl(aq) (0.600 g) mol of point = 0.00356 mol
= 0.015 mol MgCO3 = 0.00572
0.200 mol dm-3
NaOH(aq)
Mr of MgCO3
= 84.3
3x

Mass of MgCO3
=
0.200 mol Xs HCl(aq)
dm-3 = 0.00356 mol
HCl(aq)

Click on the correct calculation for the mass of MgCO3, then

click Next.
0.6 0.482 / 0.6 (0.482 / 0.6) x 100 (0.6 / 0.482) x 100

0.00572 x 84.3 0.00572 / 84.3 0.01144 x 84.3 (0.09644 / 0.6) x 100 Next
Mass of MgCO3 feedback

To calculate the mass of MgCO3 you

need to multiply the number of
moles by the relative formula mass
(the molar mass).

Back
 Q2. The equation for the reaction between magnesium carbonate and hydrochloric acid is:
MgCO3 + 2HCl  MgCl2 + H2O + CO2
When 75.0 cm3 of 0.200 mol dm-3 HCl were added to 0.600 g of impure MgCO3 some acid was
left unreacted. The unreacted acid required 17.8 cm3 of a 0.200 mol dm-3 solution of sodium
hydroxide for complete reaction. Calculate the percentage by mass of MgCO3 in the sample.

HCl reacted with MgCO3 17.8 cm3 of NaOH

Impure solid = 0.01144 mol added to reach end
75 cm3 of HCl(aq) (0.600 g) mol of point = 0.00356 mol
= 0.015 mol MgCO3 = 0.00572
0.200 mol dm-3
NaOH(aq)
Mr of MgCO3
= 84.3
3x

Mass of MgCO3
= = 0.482 g
0.200 mol Xs HCl(aq)
dm-3 = 0.00356 mol
HCl(aq)

Click on the correct calculation for the mass of MgCO3, then

click Next.
0.6 0.482 / 0.6 (0.482 / 0.6) x 100 (0.6 / 0.482) x100

0.00572 x 84.3 0.00572 / 84.3 0.01144 x 84.3 (0.09644 / 0.6) x 100 Next
 Q2. The equation for the reaction between magnesium carbonate and hydrochloric acid is:
MgCO3 + 2HCl  MgCl2 + H2O + CO2
When 75.0 cm3 of 0.200 mol dm-3 HCl were added to 0.600 g of impure MgCO3 some acid was
left unreacted. The unreacted acid required 17.8 cm3 of a 0.200 mol dm-3 solution of sodium
hydroxide for complete reaction. Calculate the percentage by mass of MgCO3 in the sample.

17.8 cm3 of NaOH added to

HCl reacted with MgCO3
reach end point = 0.00356
Impure solid = 0.01144 mol mol
75 cm3 of HCl(aq) (0.600 g) mol of
= 0.015 mol Mr of MgCO3
MgCO3 = 0.00572
0.200 mol dm-3 = 84.3
NaOH(aq)
Mass of MgCO3
= 0.482 g
3x

Percentage by
mass of MgCO3
0.200 mol in the sample =
Xs HCl(aq)
dm-3 = 0.00356 mol
HCl(aq)

Click on the correct calculation for the percentage by mass

of MgCO3 in the sample, then click Next.
0.6 0.482 / 0.6 (0.482 / 0.6) x 100 (0.6 / 0.482) x 100

0.00572 x 84.3 0.00572 / 84.3 0.01144 x 84.3 (0.09644 / 0.6) x 100 Next
Percentage by mass of MgCO3
in the sample feedback
To calculate the percentage by mass
of MgCO3 you need to divide the
mass of MgCO3 by the mass of
impure sample and multiply by 100.

Back
 Q2. The equation for the reaction between magnesium carbonate and hydrochloric acid is:
MgCO3 + 2HCl  MgCl2 + H2O + CO2
When 75.0 cm3 of 0.200 mol dm-3 HCl were added to 0.600 g of impure MgCO3 some acid was
left unreacted. The unreacted acid required 17.8 cm3 of a 0.200 mol dm-3 solution of sodium
hydroxide for complete reaction. Calculate the percentage by mass of MgCO3 in the sample.

17.8 cm3 of NaOH added to

HCl reacted with MgCO3
reach end point = 0.00356
Impure solid = 0.01144 mol mol
75 cm3 of HCl(aq) (0.600 g) mol of
Mr of MgCO3
= 0.015 mol MgCO3 = 0.00572
0.200 mol dm-3 = 84.3
NaOH(aq)
Mass of MgCO3
Well done. The sample is 80.3% MgCO3 by = 0.482 g
3x
mass. You have successfully answered the
Percentage by
question. mass of MgCO 3
in the sample =
0.200 mol Xs HCl(aq) 80.3%
dm-3 = 0.00356 mol
HCl(aq)

Click on the correct calculation for the percentage by mass

of MgCO3 in the sample, then click Next.
0.6 0.482 / 0.6 (0.482 / 0.6) x 100 (0.6 / 0.482) x 100

0.00572 x 84.3 0.00572 / 84.3 0.01144 x 84.3 (0.09644 / 0.6) x 100 Next
Congratulations. You have completed the
storyboard skill training. Now in order to ensure
you can do it independently there are two more
questions for you to do, designing your own
storyboard on paper – there are answers to
check yours against.

Good luck and don’t cheat!

Next
 Question 3 Storyboarding
Iron(II) sulfate tablets were analysed in the
following experiment. Five tablets were
weighed, crushed and dissolved in 100 cm3
of 1 M sulfuric acid. This was then filtered to
remove insoluble bits and the filtrate made up
to 250 cm3. 25 cm3 portions were removed
and added to 25 cm3 of 1 M sulfuric acid and
then titrated against 0.00100 M potassium
manganate(VII). The average titre value was
23.50 cm3. Calculate the mass of iron(II) in
each tablet. Ar of Fe = 55.8.

Answer
Q3. Iron(II) sulfate tablets were analysed in the following experiment. Five tablets were weighed,
crushed and dissolved in 100 cm3 of 1 M sulfuric acid. This was then filtered to remove insoluble
bits and the filtrate made up to 250 cm3. 25 cm3 portions were removed and added to 25 cm3 of 1 M
sulfuric acid and then titrated against 0.00100 M potassium manganate(VII). The average titre value
was 23.50 cm3. Calculate the mass of iron(II) in each tablet. Ar of Fe = 55.8.

4. Moles of Fe2+ in
250 cm3 = 1.175 x
10-3 1/10
1. 23.50 cm3
of 0.001 M
KMnO4 =
2.35 x 10-5
mol

5. Moles of Fe2+ in 2. Ratio

5 tablets = 1.175 x MnO4- : Fe2+
10-3 1 : 5
6. Moles of Fe2+
in 1 tablet =
-4
3. Moles of Fe2+ in
2.35 x 10
25 cm3 = 1.175 x 10-4
7. Mass of Fe2+ in 1 tablet =
2.35 x 10-4 x 55.8 = 0.0131 g Next
 Question 4 Storyboarding
A solution of iodine in hydrocarbon solvent was
shaken with water until equilibrium was reached.
The mixture was allowed to settle and then 5 cm3
of the hydrocarbon solvent layer and 50 cm3 of the
aqueous layer were removed and titrated
separately with sodium thiosulfate solution of
concentration 0.0100 mol dm-3. The hydrocarbon
5 cm3 aliquot required 72.0 cm3 and the aqueous
aliquot required 8.35 cm3 of the Na2SO3(aq).The
expression equilibrium constant Kc for this
equilibrium is [I2(hydrocarbon)]/[I2(aq)]. Calculate
Kc.

Answer
Q4. A solution of iodine in hydrocarbon solvent was shaken with water until equilibrium was reached.
The mixture was allowed to settle and then 5 cm3 of the hydrocarbon solvent layer and 50 cm3 of the
aqueous layer were removed and titrated separately with sodium thiosulfate solution of concentration
0.0100 mol dm-3. The hydrocarbon 5 cm3 aliquot required 72.0 cm3 and the aqueous aliquot required
8.35 cm3 of the Na2SO3(aq).The expression equilibrium constant Kc for this equilibrium is
[I2(hydrocarbon)]/[I2(aq)]. Calculate Kc.

3. Ratio of conc = 4. Kc = [I2(hydrocarbon)]/[I2(aq)]

72.0 x 10 : 8.35 x 1 Needed
= 720 / 8.35 = 86.2 (no units) 72.0 cm3 of
thiosulfate

5 cm3 of iodine
in hydrocarbon 1. Ratio of moles
72.0 : 8.35
2. Ratio of volumes
1 : 10

Needed
8.35 cm3 of
50 cm3 of iodine thiosulfate
in aqueous Next
layer
Storyboarding
Well done. You have completed the
storyboarding skill training. This is a useful
skill to use when you have a calculation
based on a detailed experiment with more
than one step. You draw out the rough
method and then label it and work through
the calculation on the diagram or you might
use a table.

end