PANCREAS ANATOMY

esophagus

stomach

ductus choledocus pancreas

duodenum

duct of
Santorini
duct of
Wirsung
 PANCREATIC SECRETIONS

1. PROTEASES (70%)
Endopeptidases (trypsin, chymotrypsin, elastases)
Exopeptidases (carboxypeptidases)

trypsinogen trypsin activates all other precursors

enterokinase
(duct walls)

2. NUCLEASES (DNAase, RNAase)

3. PANCREATIC AMYLASE (hydrolyse starch and gl;ycogen)

4. PANCREATIC LIPASE (triglycerides fatty acids and glycerol)

 REGULATION OF SECRETION

1. SECRETIN
food in release of release of secretin secretion of alkaline pH
stomach stomach acid into blood by bicarbonate (ideal for
into duodenum duodenal cells by duct cells pancreatic enzymes)

2. PANCREOZYMIN (cholecystokinen)

amino acids and release of pancreozymin relase of pancreatic enzymes

fats in intestine by intestinal mucosa into the intestine
into blood

3. GASTRIN
food in stomach gastrin secretion release of pancreatic enzymes
by stomach mucosa into the intestine

4. AUTONOMIC INNERVATION (vagus nerve)

 PANCREAS (PANORAMIC)

islet of
Langerhans
pancreatic acini

islet of
pancreatic lobe Langerhans

BV
 PANCREATIC SECRETORY DUCTS
LARGE SECRETORY DUCT INTERLOBULAR DUCT

simple
cuboidal
epithelium

acinus
simple
columnar
epithelium
 EXOCRINE PANCREAS

pyramidal
secretory acinus
basal basophilia cell
(rough ER)

merocrine secretion
(exocytosis)

zymogen
granules
centro- condensing
acinar golgi vacuoles
cells blood vesicles
vessel

intercalated
duct

nerve rough golgi

endoplasmic apparatus
reticulum

interlobular zymogen
duct granules
INTERCALARY DUCTS AND CENTROACINAR CELLS

intercalary duct

centroacinar
cell

intercalary
duct
PANCREATIC EXOCRINE SECRETORY CELL

zymogen
granules

centroacinar
cell
 CELL BIOLOGY OF PANCREATIC SECRETION
1. SYNTHESIS 2. SEGREGATION
14
C -leucine + tRNA mRNA for
chymotrysinogen ribosomes
14 mRNA
C-amino-acyl tRNA ribosomes
polypeptide
chymotrysinogen

6. DISCHARGE RER cisterna

3. INTRACELLULAR TRANSPORT
exocytosis
RER

transitional
elements

5. INTRACELLULAR 4. CONCENTRATION
STORAGE

zymogen golgi
granules H2O apparatus

H2O

golgi vesicles
condensing vacuoles
 EXPERIMENTAL METHODS IN CELL SECRETION
1. SUBCELLULAR FRACTIONATION 2. RADIOAUTOGRAPHY
(grind and find) (cook and look)

developed silver grains

density photographic
gradient vesicles
centrifugation emulsion
microsomes
(RER)
golgi
condensing
vacuoles ultrathin
zymogen section
granules pancreatic
acinar cell

(3 mins) (7 mins) (80 mins)

cpm cpm cpm
14
C 14
C 14
C
leucine leucine leucine

RER golgi cond zymogen RER golgi cond zymogen RER golgi cond zymogen

pulse chase
 ISLET OF LANGERHANS
alpha cell
(glucagon) vascular pole
(secretion by exocytosis)
acinus
beta cell

beta
cell
(insulin) alpha
fenestrated cell
capillary
blood
capillary

INSULIN- increases membrane promotes glycogenesis decrease blood glucose levels

permeability to glucose

GLUCAGON - promotes glycogenolysis increases blood glucose levels

“ ANTAGONISTIC HORMONES”
ISLET OF LANGERHANS
ISLET OF LANGERHANS - TEM
 STAINED ALPHA AND BETA CELLS
ALPHA CELLS BETA CELLS