CHAPTER 3

INSTRUCTION SET AND

ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE
PROGRAMMING

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 COURSE LEARNING OUTCOMES
(CLO3)
Upon completion of this course, students
should be able to:

write a simple program in

assembly language to perform
given tasks .

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3.2 APPLY ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE

The program is
difficult to
understand

The program is slow

to key-in to the
computer due to the
input one bit by one
Limitations in bit at a time
programming
using machine
language

The program did not

specify the tasks we
perform require a
computer.
The program
is long and
arduous 3
3.2 APPLY ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE

To overcome these problems, the use of

easily remembered code (mnemonic)
was introduced.

It is apply with the use of Assembly

Language

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3.2 APPLY ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE

Assembly Language
• consists of statements written with short mnemonics such
as ADD, MOV, SUB, and CALL.

• has a one to-one relationship with machine language

meaning that each assembly language instruction
corresponds to a single machine-language instruction.

• is not portable because it is designed for a specific

processor family

• There are a number of different assembly languages

widely used today, each based on a processor family
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3.2 APPLY ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE

Assembly Language

• Some well-known processor families are Motorola 68x00, Intel

IA-32, SUN Sparc, Vax, and IBM-370.

• Assembly language instructions are processor specification

dependents. For example, a program written in the Intel
assembly language cannot be executed on the PowerPC
processor.

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 3.2 APPLY ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE

Assembly Language Instruction

labelsOpcode OperatorOpcode SourceOperand destinationOperand ; comment

Size Source Destination

MOVE.B D0, D1 ; comment

Opcode Operand

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3.2 APPLY ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE

 Label – assign a name to an assembly language instruction

 Operator – mnemonic code that contains the two-seven letter

acronym for the instruction example MOVE, ADD, SUB, MULU, DIVU
 Operator size
Symbol Meaning Operator
# - decimal
.B Byte 00 MOVE.B #% - binary
.W Word 0000 MULU.W #@ - Octal
#$ - Hexadecimal
.L Longword 00000000 ADD.L

 Operand – tell assemble where to find the data it is operand on.

 Comment – describe statements in the source program to make the

program easy to understand. Command must precede a comment
with a semicolon 8
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EXAMPLE ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE OPERATION

ORG #800 ; start Program Counter

MOVE.B #8,D0 ; load data 8 into data register D0 in byte size
MOVE.W #1,D1 ; load data 1 into data register D1 in word size
END ; end the program

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3.2 APPLY ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE

EXERCISE ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE OPERATION

Write the correct instruction base in the statement below.

i. Move a binary data 101 into register D1 in byte size

ii. Move a hexadecimal data A into register D1 in word size

.B - byte # - decimal
.W- Word #% - binary
.L - Longword #@ - Octal
#$ - Hexadecimal
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3.2 APPLY ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE

ARITHMETIC OPERATION

OPERATION SYNTAX EXAMPLE

ADDITION ADD ADD.B D1,D2

SUBSTRACTION SUB SUB.B D1,D2

MULTIPLE MULU MULU.B D1,D2

DIVIDE DIVU DIVU.B D1,D2

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EXAMPLE FOR ADD OPERATOR

ADD.b #$08, d0

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EXAMPLE FOR ADD OPERATOR

ADD.W #$1021, d0

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3.2 APPLY ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE

EXAMPLE ARITHMETIC OPERATION

ORG #800 ; start Program Counter

MOVE.B #8,D0 ; load data 8 into data register D0 in byte size
MOVE.W #1,D1 ; load data 1 into data register D1 in word size
ADD.W D0,D1 ; add data D0 and D1 then store in D1 in word size
END ; end the program

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3.2 APPLY ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE

EXERCISE ARITHMETIC OPERATION

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3.2 APPLY ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE

LOGIC OPERATION

OPERATION SYNTAX EXAMPLE

AND AND AND.B D1,D2

OR OR OR.B D1,D2

NOT NOT NOT.B D1

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3.2 APPLY ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE

EXAMPLE ARITHMETIC OPERATION

ORG #800 ; start Program Counter

MOVE.B #%111,D0 ; load data 111 into data register D0 in byte size
MOVE.B #%10,D1 ; load data 10 into data register D1 in byte size
AND.B D0,D1 ; use AND operation to data in D0 and D1 then store in D1 in byte size
NOT.B D1; use NOT operation to data in D1
END ; end the program

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3.2 APPLY ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE

EXERCISE ARITHMETIC OPERATION

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