Flood Damage Mitigation

Reservoirs
Report by: Christine Canlas
Scope

Types of Reservoirs
Types of Flood Mitigation Reservoirs
Purpose of Flood Mitigation Reservoirs
Location Reservoirs
Size Reservoirs
Operation Problems
What is a Reservoir?

 refer to a man-made or natural lake, as well as cisterns and subterranean

reservoirs. In this section we focus only on man-made reservoirs.
 Reservoirs can vary in size and be as small as a pond and as big as a large
lake.
 There is so much variability when it comes to reservoirs – they can differ in
size, shape and location. It can be misleading to make blanket statements
about reservoirs without “significant qualification as to their type”
 Depending on the purpose of a reservoir, operators will fill a completed
reservoir with water, let water flow on through the dam and downstream, or
leave the reservoir site empty until it is needed (e.g. a dry dam site for flood
mitigation).
Types of Reservoir

 Storage/Conservation Reservoir
 Flood Control Reservoir
 Multipurpose reservoir
 Distribution reservoir
Storage/ Conservation Reservoir

 Can retain such excess supplies during periods of peak flows, and can
release them gradually during low flows as and when the need arises.
Flood Control Reservoir

 Generally called as FLOOD-MITIGATION RESERVOIR.

 Stores a portion of the flood flows in such a way as to minimize the flood
peaks at the areas to be protected downstream
 The entire inflow entering the reservoir is discharged till the out flow reaches
the safe capacity of the channel downstream.
 The inflow in excess of this rate is stored in the reservoir, which is then
gradually released, so as to recover the storage capacity for the next flood.
Types of Flood Mitigation Reservoirs

 Storage reservoir
 Retarding reservoir
STORAGE RESERVOIR & It’s Purpose

 A Reservoir having gates and valves installation at its spillway and at its
sluice outlets is known as storage reservoir.
 The storage reservoir is generally constructed on the notion – a perennial
river which cannot supply water during the summer season with the storage
reservoir, the flow of water in the river is regulated.
The various purposes for which the storage
works are required are

Irrigation
Hydro-electric power generation
Domestic and industrial water supply
Control of destructive floods
Low water regulation for generation
Recreation
Preservation and breeding of useful aquatic life
San Roque Dam
San Roque Dam

 A 200-meter-tall and 1.2 kilometer long embankment dam found in the river
of Agno.
 The largest dam in the Philippines and sixteenth largest in the world.
 The San Roque dam impounds a reservoir with a surface area of about 12.8
square kilometers extending North into the municipality of Itogon, Benguet.
 A gated spillway protects the dam from overtopping. Each wet season, the
run-off is stored for later release via water turbines to generate power and
irrigate crops.
CONSTRUCTION OF STORAGE
RESERVOIR
RETARDING RESERVOIR

 A Reservoir with uncontrolled and ungated outlets is known as a retarding

basin or retarding reservoirs.
RETARDING RESERVOIR/RETARDING
BASIN
Location of Reservoirs

 A reservoir is a storage space for fluids.

 These may be water, hydrocarbons or gas.
 It can be located or constructed in river valleys in which they call it a dam.
 If it is a tank storage then it may be elevated, at grade level or even buried
in the ground in which they call these tanks as cisterns.
 Storage reservoirs that are located under the ground are being used to
store liquids, principally either water or petroleum.
Sizes of Reservoirs

 The capacity or volume of a reservoir is usually divided into distinguishable

areas.
 For a flood control reservoir, it is the amount of water it can regulate during
flooding. ( flood control capacity )
 The surcharge capacity is the capacity of the reservoir above the spillway
crest that cannot be regulated.
Operation Problems

 Over flow
 Slope failure