Teacher’s Notes

Mid-topic test: This will not be treated like other mid-topic tests
as the students obviously haven’t been told to revise for it. It
will be used as a review of content covered in Year 9 and the
results not recorded on the tracker sheet or in SIMs.

Section A should be completed under timed conditions but you

can decide how much time to allocate to completing Section B
before you collect it in to mark.

Handouts
Course Overview – on blue paper in office
Tracker sheet – on green paper in office
Mid-topic test/review – in filing cabinet
 Welcome to GCSE Geography
Well done on making the excellent choice to continue with
your geographical education!

Teacher = Miss

Exam Board = AQA

 Overview of the Course
See Course Overview handout.

Keep at the front of your folder

 Assessments over the 2 years
See Progress Tracker sheet

Keep at the front of your folder

 Lesson 9: Mid-topic Review
TASK: How much can you remember from the 8 weeks of
lessons of your first GCSE topic, Urban issues and
challenges?

Work independently, in silence, to complete the 13 short

answer questions in 15 minutes.
You may use your folder to help you but try and do as many
questions as you can without it.
 Peer-Assess Section A
1, The acronym NEE, which is used to describe a country, stands for what? (1mark)
NEWLY EMERGING ECONOMY

2, A city is classified as a megacity when its population exceeds what number? (1 mark)
10 MILLION

3. Fill in the gaps

To calculate natural increase you subtract the DEATH RATE from the BIRTH RATE (2 marks)

4. Name two continents which have experienced the greatest rates of urbanisation in the last few decades (2 marks)
AFRICA AND ASIA

5. What is the name given to squatter settlements in Brazil? (1 mark)

FAVELAS

6. Many people in squatter settlements work in the informal economy. Define the informal economy (1 mark)
WORK DONE WITHOUT OFFICIAL KNOWLEDGE OF THE GOVERNMENT AND THEREFORE WITHOUT PAYING TAXES / CASH –IN-
HAND WORK

7. Some immigrants that come to Rio will end up work in construction. In which employment sector would they be working-
primary, secondary, tertiary or quaternary? (1 mark)
SECONDARY
 Peer Assess Section A
8. Violent crime is a problem in many favelas in Brazil. What is the name given to the police units established
to reclaim favelas from drug dealers? (1 mark)
POLICE PACIFICATION UNITS

9. The Favela Barrio Project was an example of what type of a slum improvement project? (1 mark)
IN SITU SLUM UPGRADING

10. Fill the gaps with appropriate terms.

While some areas such as South East England are DENSELY populated, other areas such as Northern
Scotland, are SPARSELY populated. (2 marks)

11.What is urban greening? (1 mark)

PROCESS OF INCREASING OR PRESERVING OPEN SPACE SUCH AS PARKS IN URBAN AREAS

12. What is the definition of urban deprivation? (1 mark)

HAVING A QUALITY OF LIFE BELOW WHAT IS RECOGNISED AS ACCEPTABLE IN A PARTICULAR COUNTRY

13. Choose the correct option : London’s population structure is YOUNGER/older than the UK average
(1 mark)
 Section B: How to answer this 9 mark question
To what extent do squatter settlements in urban areas of lower income countries (LICs) or
newly emerging economies (NEEs) provide opportunities, as well as challenges. Refer to
evidence from a city you have studied.
Length : ½- ¾ of a page maximum
Command word: ‘To what extent…’. Where do you lie on the scale?

To a very small extent To some extent To a great extent

What evidence What evidence

would you give would you give
to support this to support this
view? view?

What skill are you being tested on? Being able to make a justified
judgement by analysing the importance of different pieces of evidence.
 Section B: How to answer this 9 mark question
To what extent do squatter settlements in urban areas of
lower income countries (LICs) or newly emerging
economies (NEEs) provide opportunities, as well as
challenges? Refer to evidence from a city you have
studied.

Structure
Opening sentence(s): Introduce your case study and give a brief
overview of what your answer is going to be about.

Example
The favelas of Rio de Janeiro in Brazil, such as Rochinca, do undoubtedly
provide their residents with a number of opportunities but whether these
outweigh the challenges they face is the issue I’ll explore.
 Section B: How to answer this 9 mark question
To what extent do squatter settlements in urban areas of lower
income countries (LICs) or newly emerging economies (NEEs) provide
opportunities, as well as challenges? Refer to evidence from a city you
have studied.

Section 1: This is dedicated to proving, with detailed evidence, that the assumption stated in
the question is true. Aim to make 2 or 3 points using the PEEL structure (Point, Evidence,
Explain, Link)

Linking sentence: This briefly recaps the important points you have made and goes on to say
that, on the other hand, it cannot be said that the assumption of the statement is completely
true.

Section 2: This paragraph shows the extent to which the assumption of the question is not
true. This could be achieved, for example, by showing how the challenges outweigh the
opportunities previously outlined. Aim to make 2 or 3 points using the PEEL structure.

Conclusion: Any ‘To what extent’ answer must end with a conclusion that clearly answers the
question. Conclude whether you agree the statement is true ‘To a certain extent’, ‘To a great
extent’ or ‘To a small extent’. This must be backed up by a summary of the argument on both
sides to prove why you feel it to be weighted one way or the other.
 Section B

P.E.E.L Reminder
• -Make a point
• -Give some evidence or an example to back up your point
• -Explain how and why this evidence/ example proves your point
• -Link back to the title question to clearly show how your point
and evidence is linked to the main question OR if the former is
not required link to your next point
 Mark Scheme
Levels Marks Description
3 7-9 AO1 Demonstrates comprehensive and specific knowledge of the characteristics
(Clear) of the named city
AO2 Shows thorough and accurate geographical understanding of the
opportunities and challenges present
AO3 Demonstrates effective application of knowledge and understanding in
making a judgement and reaching a substantiated conclusion. Justification is
detailed and balanced.
2 4-6 AO1 Demonstrates reasonable knowledge of the characteristics of the named
(Detailed) city
AO2 Shows clear geographical understanding of the types of opportunities and
challenges present
AO3 Includes reasonable application of knowledge and understanding in making
a judgement and reaching a conclusion. Justification is clear and well supported.
1 1-3 AO1 Demonstrates limited knowledge of the characteristics of the named city.
(Basic) Answers may be largely generic.
AO2 Shows some geographical understanding of the types of opportunities and
challenges present
AO3 May either include limited application of knowledge and understanding in
making a judgement and/or reach a conclusion. Justification is limited to one or
more simple points.
0 No relevant content
 Indicative Content
Opportunities:
• For immigrants, from rural areas (such as Bahia in NE Brazil).
• Higher wages than could be earned in, for e.g., secondary or tertiary sector jobs
• Better access to clean water, sanitation, education and health care
• Greater range of entertainment

Considerable community spirit and support in favela communities

Urban poor provide a massive labour force who carry out essential jobs and help
keep the city running

Challenges
-Crime – need for Pacifying Police Units
- Housing on steep slopes – landslides
-Unreliable energy supply
- Lack of service provision e.g. rubbish collection which leads to the
dumping of waste e.g. waste dumped into Guanabara bay
- Many people work in the informal economy – work is irregular and
don’t have benefits such as sick pay, protection of health and safety
legislation
-The favela may be illegal – the residents have built their home on land they
don’t own and they could therefore be evicted
 Section B Task
Answer the 9 mark question

This will be handed in to be teacher marked

 Homework: Getting your folder organised
• Print off syllabus doc. Keep behind the ‘Urban issues’ file divider.

• Get three folders and eight file dividers:

• Folder A = Paper 1 Physical Geography

• Put in 3 file dividers labelled:
• Living World
• Physical Landscapes
• Hazards

• Folder B = Paper 2 Human Geography

• Put in 3 file dividers labelled:
• Urban issues
• Economic world
• Resource Management

• Folder C = Paper 3 Issues Evaluation and Fieldwork

• Fieldwork
• Issues Evaluation

• Make sure all your ‘Urban issues’ work from Year 9 is filed in the correct place
 Homework: Miss Parry
1) Print off syllabus doc. Keep behind the ‘Urban issues’ file divider.

2) Get 3 folders and 8 file dividers and organise the folders as follows:

Folder 1 – Physical Geography

3 file dividers:
• Living World
• Physical landscapes
• Natural hazards

Folder 2- Human Geography

3 file dividers:
• Urban Issues
• Changing Economic world
• Resource management

Folder 3- Fieldwork and Issues Evaluation

3) Make sure all your ‘Urban issues’ work from Year 9 is filed in the correct place