By

Dr.H.Abd Rachman Tanjung AIFM

BAGIAN FISIOLOGI
FAKULTAS KEDOKTERAN UISU
Vesikel transport

transport vesikel dari satu kompartemen dan menyatu

dengan kompartemen lainnya

Membawa material dari lumen dan membrane donor ke

lumen dan membrane target kompartemen yang lain
The Molecular Mechanisms of Membrane Transport
and the Maintenance of Compartmental Diversity

• Transport processes mediate a continual exchange

of components between the ten or more chemically distinct,
membrane‐enclosed compartments that collectively comprise
the biosynthetic‐secretory and endocytic pathways.

• The enclosing membrane: molecular markers displayed on the

cytosolic surface of this membrane serve as guidance cues
for incoming traffic and ensure that transport vesicles fuse
only with the correct compartment, thereby dictating the
pattern of traffic between one compartment and another.
 Types of Coated Vesicles

• There are three well‐characterized types of coated

vesicles, which differ in their coat proteins:
1. clathrin‐coated: mediate transport from the Golgi
apparatus and from the plasma membrane
2. COPI‐coated: mediate transport from the ER and
the Golgi cisternae
3. COPII‐coated vesicles ---- > from rough ER to golgi
Utilization of different coats in vesicular traffic

Different coat proteins

- select different cargo and
- shape the transport vesicles

that mediate the various steps in the

biosynthetic‐ secretory and
endocytic pathways.
The assembly and disassembly of a clathrin coat
Lysosomes Are the Principal Sites of Intracellular Digestion

• Lysosomes are membrane‐enclosed compartments filled with

hydrolytic enzymes that are used for the controlled intracellular
digestion of macromolecules.

• They contain about 40 types of hydrolytic enzymes, including

proteases, nucleases, glycosidases, lipases, phospholipases,
phosphatases, and sulfatases. All are acid hydrolases.

• For optimal activity they require an acid environment, and the

lysosome provides this by maintaining a pH of about 5.0 in its
interior. In this way, the contents of the cytosol are doubly
protected against attack by the cell's own digestive system.
The membrane of the lysosome normally keeps the digestive
enzymes out of the cytosol, but even if they should leak out, they
can do little damage at the cytosolic pH of about 7.2.
The sequestration of endocytosed proteins into internal
membranes of multivesicular bodies.

• Eventually, all of the internal membranes produced by the

invaginations shown are digested by proteases and lipases in
lysosomes.

• The invagination is essential to achieve complete digestion

of endocytosed membrane proteins.

• Because the outer membrane of the multivesicular body becomes

continuous with the lysosomal membrane, lysosomal hydrolases
could not digest the cytosolic domains of transmembrane proteins
such as the EGF receptor shown here, if it were not for the
invagination.
THE FORMATION OF SYNAPTIC VESICLES.

These tiny uniform vesicles are found only in nerve cells and in
some endocrine cells, where they store and secrete small molecule
neurotransmitters.

The import of neurotransmitter directly into the small endocytic

vesicles that form from the plasma membrane is mediated by
membrane carrier proteins that function as antiports, being driven
by a H+ gradient maintained by proton pumps in the vesicle
membrane
DAAAAAA ......................