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Influence of the nature of the

counter-body on micro-abrasion
Miguel Angel Narvaez Ardila – UFU – Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (LTM)
Henara Lilian Costa Murray – UFRG – Universidade Federal do Rio Grande
Jose Daniel Biasoli de Mello – UFU – Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (LTM)

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INTRODUCTION
• The abrasive particle dynamic is determined by the test
conditions. Some relevant conditions are:
– the hardness ratio between specimen and ball,
– the hardness and geometry of the abrasive particles,
– the normal load of the system,
– the sliding distance,
– the surface topography.

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INTRODUCTION
• In this context it can be thought that the nature of the
material of both, specimen and ball, determines surface
characteristics, influencing the dynamics of the abrasive
particles (rolling and grooving) and therefore the onset
and growth of the wear scar during micro-abrasion.

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OBJECTIVE
• The present work aims to contribute to the
understanding of the effect of the counter-body nature on
microabrasive wear. Special emphasis will be given to
the dynamics of the abrasive particles at the interface in
the abrasion.

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METHODOLOGY
• AISI 304 samples were used as test body:
– Dimensions of 35 x 25 x 6 mm;
– The bodies were sanded with 80, 220 and 320 grit sandpaper
and then finished with a 600 grit sandpaper.
– Ultrasonic cleaning in acetone for 3 minutes.

• Silicon Nitrede (Si3N4), ceramic


COUNTER-

• 52100 steel (bearing), metal


BODY

• Polyacetal, POM, (Delrin®), polymer


• Polypropylene, PP, polymer
• Polyamide 6.6, PA 6.6 (Nylon®), polymer

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METHODOLOGY
Real time
mean force
1.85 N
10% SiO2
Abrasive
particles
150
rpm
15 min Time
intervales
Fixed ball micro-abrasion
test rig, also used in 90 min Test
abrasive-corrosive tests.* time
*M.B. Santos, W.S. Labiapari, M.A.N. Ardila, W.M. da Silva, J.D.B. de Mello, Abrasion– 6
corrosion: New insights from force measurements, Wear, 332-333 (2015) 1206-1214
METHODOLOGY
• It was prioritized that each test was done on an apparent
same abrasive drag trail on the counter-bodies.
Ball with different abrasive Ball with a single abrasive
particles drag trails particles drag trail

Reference
marks, for
fixing with
the shafts.

Differents abrasive particles Single abrasive particles drag


drag trails trail

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RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
PP POM PA 6.6
6,6 Si3N4 52100 120
120 98 Taxa Desgaste
Wear rate (k) (k)
100 89
100
k [10-15m3/m·N]

k [10-15m3/m·N]
77
80 80

60 60

40 40 29
20 20
20
0
0 15 30 45 60 75 90 0
Time [min] PP POM 6.6
PA 6,6 Si3N4 52100

Hb/Hc > 1

Hb/Hc < 1
The results showed that the wear rate is directly related to
the hardness relationship between the body (Hb) and the
counter-body (Hc).
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RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
In the wear marks existed a predominance of grooving
abrasion.

Hb/Hc < 1

Si3N4 52100

Hb/Hc > 1

POM PP PA 6.6

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RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
The widths and spacings of the grooves in the wear marks
generated were measured.

Hb/Hc < 1

Si3N4 52100

Hb/Hc > 1

POM PP PA 6.6

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RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

K Hb Hb/Hc Width Spacing


10-15m3/N·m MPa µm µm
Nitrede 20 14710 0.13 1,5 3.7
GROUP 1
AISI 52100 29 8450 0.23 2,0 4.6
Intermediate POM 77 150 12.73 0,9 4.1
PA 6.6 98 170 11.24 0,5 1.6
GROUP 2
PP 89 70 27.29 0,4 1.3

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RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
100 O

10 kV

Si

Intensity
50

Fe
Cr

Ni
Cr Fe
Cr Fe Ni Ni
0
10 μm
0 2 4 6 8
Energy [KeV]

K Hb Hb/Hc Width Spacing


10-15m3/N·m MPa µm µm
Nitrede 20 14710 0.13 1,5 3.7
GROUP 1
AISI 52100 29 8450 0.23 2,0 4.6
Intermediate POM 77 150 12.73 0,9 4.1
PA 6.6 98 170 11.24 0,5 1.6
GROUP 2
PP 89 70 27.29 0,4 1.3

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RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
100 O

10 kV

Si

Intensity
50

Fe
Cr

Ni
Cr Fe
Cr Fe Ni Ni
0
10 μm
0 2 4 6 8
Energy [KeV]

These silica depositions in the wear marks may indicate a


higher load per particle, which leads to the belief that there
is a greater difficulty for the particles enter in the interface.

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RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
The difficulty of the particles participate of the contact,
leading to higher charges per particle, is reflected in the
coefficient of friction.
PP PA 6.6
6,6 POM Si3N4 52100 Coeficiente de Atrito
Friction Coefficent
0.6 0.50 0.45

Friction Coefficent
0.38
Friction Coefficent

0.5
0.40
0.4 0.30
0.30
0.3 0.22
0.18
0.2 0.20

0.1 0.10

0.0
0 15 30 45 60 75 90 0.00
Time [min] PP POM PA 6.6
6,6 Si3N4 52100

Hb/Hc > 1 Hb/Hc < 1

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RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

The relationship between wear rate and friction coefficient is


approximately inversely linear. Similar tendency was observed
for width and spacing of the grooves, which seems to be
associated with the hardness of the counter bodies.
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RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
A model was developed to determine the amount of
particles involved in contact at the end of each time interval
(15 min).

The nature of the counter-body and test time influences the


amount of abrasive particles in the interface
*RUTHERFORD, K. L.; HUTCHINGS, I. M. A micro-abrasive wear test, with particular
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application to coated systems. Surface and Coatings Technology, v. 79, n. 1, p. 231-239, 1996.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
To validate the model, additional microabrasion tests (using
polyamide 6.6 PA and 52100 steel counter-bodies) were
performed. For the tests with steel counter-bodies the
concentrations of abrasive particles (0, 40 and 60%) were
increased, while for polymeric counter-bodies were
decreased (5 and 10%).

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RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
Similar friction coefficients and wear rates can be achieved
with counter-bodies of different nature when varying the
concentration of abrasive particles
300 Taxa Desgaste
Wear rate (k) (k)
259
250
k [10-15m3/m·N]

194
200 182
166

150

100
67

50

0
PA 6.6
6,6 5% PA 6.6
6,6 10% 52100 60% 52100 40% 52100 10%

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RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
Similar friction coefficients and wear rates can be achieved
with counter-bodies of different nature when varying the
concentration of abrasive particles
0.7 0.60 Friction Coefficent
Coeficiente de Atrito
0.48
0.6

Friction Coefficent
0.50
Friction Coefficent

0.5 0.37
0.40 0.29
0.4 0.27 0.28

0.30
0.3

0.2 0.20

0.1
0.10
Aço 10% Aço 40% Aço 60% PA 6.6
6,6 10% PA 6.6
6,6 5%
0.0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 0.00
Time [min] PA 6.6
6,6 5% PA 6.6
6,6 10% 52100 60% 52100 40% 52100 10%

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RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
An analysis of the generated wear marks showed a
similarity in the grooves generated by the tests made with
PA 6,6 counter-body with 5% abrasive particles and with
52100 steel counter-body with 60% abrasive particles.

PA 6.6 5% 52100 60%


These results show that the amount of abrasive particles
involved in the contact is influenced by the nature of the
counter body.
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CONCLUSION
• The nature of the counter body strongly influences
micro-abrasion. The highest wear rates and lowest
friction coefficients were induced by the polymeric
counter-bodies. The main influencing factor was the
hardness ratio between the specimen and the counter-
bodies which, in turn, influences the number of particles
that participate at the interface.

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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

Laboratorio de Tribologia e Materiais

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Thanks for your attention

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