COMMUNITY

PROCESSES, DYNAMICS
AND EMPOWERMENT

PRESENTED BY:
Mecha Joy B. Aldip BS Architecture 4
Ailene Esmeralda BS Architecture 4
Angemar R. Mirasol BS Architecture 4
• Community is a master system
encompassing social forms and cultural
behavior in interdependent subsidiary
systems.
• A community is also recognized as social
unit, such as a group or association based
on common needs, interest, values and
function.
• Community is a social system composed
of people living in some spatial
relationship to one another, who share
common facilities and services, develop a
common psychological identification with
the the locality symbol. And together frame
a common communication network.
 COMMUNITY PROCESSES

• Community development as a process is a

systematic approach to change in which
each of the phases of the process may be
sufficiently defined and measured in
accordance with specified criteria.
 COMMUNITY DYNAMICS

• Community dynamics is the process of

change and development within
communities it is ‘constantly changing’.
• Community Dynamics which strive to bring
about positive social change through
community-based programming.
 Dynamics in Community level
• Integrative Forces
• Disintegrative Forces
• Participative group and groupism
• Functions of sub groups
• Minority groups
• Gender and empowerment
 Integrative Forces
• Originated by Graham Douglas in 1986.
• He describes Integrative Thinking as the
process of integrating intuition, reason and
imagination in a human mind with a view to
developing a holistic continuum of strategy,
tactics, action, review and evaluation for
addressing a problem in any field.
• A problem may be defined as the difference
between what one has and what one wants.
 Disintegrative Forces
• "disintegrative" processes are therefore seen
as "positive," whereas people who fail to go
through positive disintegration may remain for
their entire lives in a state of "primary
integration."
 Participative Group
• "Participative group” is known by many
names including
• shared leadership,
• Community empowerment,
• Community involvement,
• participative decision-making,
(Steinheider, B., Bayerl, P.S. & Wuestewald)
 Groupism
• the tendency to think and act as members of
a group
• Is the concept which makes everyone to feel
• Empathy
• Sympathy
• Awe feeling
• Goal achievement
 Subgroup
• A group formed of a subset of members
drawn from a larger parent group.
• Subgroups are not autonomous; though
members of the parent group may choose to
join a subgroup rather than be assigned,
• membership in a subgroup is ultimately
controlled by the parent group and it's owner.
Example: committee, teams et cetera
Functions of subgroup
• Work towards goal achievement
• Motivate the members
• Organise meeting with the members
• Organise meeting with the external agents
• Liaisoning with government and others
 Minority groups
• A minority is a sociological category within
a demographic
• those who don’t hold the majority of
positions of social power in a society.
 Gender and Empowerment

• Gender empowerment is conceived as a

process by which women can overcome
many of the hurdles that they face such as
education, work status, employment
opportunities, health care, social security,
position in decision making by virtue of
their gender.
 Thus, gender empowerment veritably
implies empowerment of women to do away
with “Subordination” or “Discrimination” and
“Injustice” done to them in male dominated
society.
 COMMUNITY EMPOWERMENT
• From a psychological standpoint, people
are more likely to do things that they are
motivated to do so and feel like they have
come level of control over their actions.
• Not only does this give them the sensation
and satisfaction that what they are doing is
of their own free will, but that their actions
actually have some value in the long run.
• This empowerment acts as a motivator in
society and it holds a great deal of
importance in community development.
• Members of a community who are
empowered to take action for
improvements are going to have genuine
cause to do so, rather than because they
were told to by others.
• As a key principle of community
development, empowerment often is what
prompts things to get done in the first
place.
• There needs to be a reason for people to
want to improve things in their community
for themselves and others; it can't just be a
facet of social or public duty.
Community empowerment as a five point
continuum (Labonte, 1990) is comprised of
the following elements:
• Personal action
• The development of small interest groups
• Community organisations
• Partnerships
• Social and political action
 Personal Action
• The process of community empowerment
can begin when persons experience a
high degree of ‘relative powerlessness’
that triggers an emotional response and a
personal action.
• Then, by participating in small interest
groups individual community members are
better able to define, analyze and act on
issues of concern
 The development of small interest
group
• It is the start of collective action.
• This provides an opportunity for the health
promoter to assist individuals to gain skills
and is a means of developing stronger
social support systems and opportunity
networks, interpersonal connectedness
and social cohesion.
 Community organization
• While small groups generally focus
inwards on the needs of its immediate
members, community organisations focus
outwards to the broader environment that
creates those needs in the first place, or
offers the means (resources,
opportunities) to resolving them.
• Community organisation structures include
faith and youth groups, community
councils, cooperatives and associations.
 Partnerships
• Partnerships can strengthen social
networks, better compete for limited
resources and increase participation in the
concerns of other member organisations.
• The purpose of partnerships is to allow
community organisations to grow beyond
their own local concerns and to take a
stronger position on broader issues
through networking and advocacy.
 Social and political action
• Through social and political action
Individuals progress along the continuum
from a position of personal action to a
point where they are collectively involved
with redressing the deeper underlying
causes of their concern.
• Gaining power to influence economic,
political, social and ideological change will
inevitably involve the community in
struggle with those already holding power.
1. What is referred to as a master system
encompassing social forms and cultural
behavior in interdependent subsidiary
systems?

a. Environment
b. Ecosystem
c. Nature
d. Community
2. It is a systematic approach to change in
which each of the phases of the process may
be sufficiently defined and measured in
accordance with specified criteria.

a. Community Dynamic
b. Community empowerment
c. Community processes
d. Urban Development
3. It is the process of change and
development within communities, it is
‘constantly changing’.

a. Biodiversity
b. Community dynamics
c. Community Processes
d. Community Empowerment
4. Graham Douglas (1986) describes this
dynamic in the community as the process of
integrating intuition, reason and imagination
in a human mind.

a. Integrative Forces
b. Disintegrative Forces
c. Subgroup
d. Participative group
5. In this, processes are therefore seen as
"positive," whereas people who fail to go
through positive disintegration may remain
for their entire lives in a state of "primary
integration."
a. Integrative Forces
b. Participative Group
c. Groupism
d. Disintegrative forces
6. This dynamic in the community is known
by many names including shared leadership,
community empowerment, community
involvement and participative decision-
making

a. Groupism
b. Integrative Force
c. Participative group
d. Disintegrative Force
7. This dynamic in the community refers to
the tendency to think and act as members of
a group, what is it?
a. Subgroup
b. Groupism
c. Participative Group
d. Integrative Force
8. It is the concept which makes everyone to
feel empathy, sympathy, awe feeling and
goal achievement.

a. Groupism
b. Subgroup
c. Integrative Force
d. Participative Group
9. A group formed of a subset of members
drawn from a larger parent group, these
group are not autonomous.

a. Subgroup
b. Groupism
c. Participative Group
d. Minority group
10. Subgroup has functions, among the choices
which is not included?

a. Work towards goal achievement

b. Organise meeting with the members
c. Organise meeting with the external agents
d. None of the choices
11. It is a dynamic in the community which is
a sociological category within a
demographic and those who don’t hold the
majority of positions of social power in a
society.
a. Groupism
b. Subgroup
c. Minority group
d. Participative Group
12. A dynamic in the community which is
conceived as a process by which women
can overcome many of the hurdles that they
face by virtue of their gender
a. Community Empowerment
b. Gender empowerment
c. Participative Group
d. Minority Group
13. What is the key principle of community
development which from a psychological
standpoint, people are more likely to do
things that they are motivated to do so and
feel like they have come level of control over
their actions?

a. Community empowerment
b. Community Processes
c. Community dynamics
d. Community deveopment
14. This is what prompts things to get done
in the first place. Acts as a motivator in
society and it holds a great deal of
importance in community development.

a. Empowerment
b. Enforcement
c. Development
d. Dynamics
15. Community empowerment as a five point
continuum (Labonte, 1990) is comprised of
the following elements, which is not
included?

a. The development of small interest groups

b. Community organisations
c. Partnerships
d. None of the above :D
16. The element where the process of
community empowerment can begin when
persons experience a high degree of
‘relative powerlessness’.
a. Community organization
b. Development of small interest group
c. Personal Action
d. Partnership
17. It is the start of collective action. This is a
means of developing stronger social support
systems and opportunity networks,
interpersonal connectedness and social
cohesion.
a. Community Organization
b. Development of small interest group
c. Partnerships
d. Personal Action
18. This element focus outwards to the
broader environment that creates those
needs in the first place, or offers the means
(resources, opportunities) to resolving them.

a. Community organization
b. Partnerships
c. Personal Action
d. Social and Political action
19. This element by Labonte can strengthen
social networks, better compete for limited
resources and increase participation in the
concerns of other member organisations.
a. Community Organization
b. Partnerships
c. Personal Action
d. Social and Political Action
20. In this element by Labonte individuals
progress along the continuum from a
position of personal action to a point where
they are collectively involved.
a. Community Organization
b. Personal Action
c. Social and political action
d. Partnerships
 Answer key
1. D 11. C
2. C 12. B
3. B 13. A
4. A 14. A
5. D 15. D
6. C 16. C
7. B 17. B
8. A 18. A
9. A 19. B
10.D 20. C