CAUSES OF TEENAGE SMOKING

AMONG SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

STUDENTS OF PUBLIC SCHOOLS
IN TUGUEGARAO CITY,
CAGAYAN
By:
Ancheta, Yashmine C.
Dineros, Jamaica Dimple P.
Manibug, Caryl Kate M.
Ramiterre, Angel D.
The study seeks to answer the following questions:

1). What is the profile of the participants in

terms of:
1.1.1. Age
1.1.2. Gender
1.1.3. Grade Level
1.1.4. Strand
The study seeks to answer the following questions:
2). What are the factors influencing adolescent smoking
initiation?
2.1. Social factors
2.2. Peer pressure
2.3. Appetite Suppression
2.4. Stress
2.5. Family influence
2.6. Self-image
2.7. Self-concept
2.8. Physiologic effects
The study seeks to answer the following questions:
3). How many participants tried smoking
cigarette at least one to two puffs?

4). In what age did they start smoking cigarette?

5). Is there significant difference on participants’

perception on the factors influencing their
smoking initiation according to the profile
variables?
The study seeks to answer the following questions:

6). What are the participants’ perception

and awareness on the effects of smoking?

7). In what age did the participant started

smoking?
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
I. Profile of the Participants
Table 1. Percentage and Frequency
Distribution of Respondents According to
AGE
AGE FREQUENCY PERCENT

16-17 153 42.6

18-19 198 55.2

20-21 8 2.2

Total 359 100.0

I. Profile of the Participants
Table 2. Percentage and Frequency
Distribution of Respondents According to
GENDER
GENDER FREQUENCY PERCENT

Male 189 52.6

Female 170 47.4

Total 359 100.0

I. Profile of the Participants
Table 3. Percentage and Frequency
Distribution of Respondents According to
GRADE
GRADE FREQUENCY PERCENT

Eleven 159 44.3

Twelve 200 55.7

Total 359 100.0

I. Profile of the Participants
Table 4. Percentage and Frequency
Distribution of Respondents According to
STRAND
STRAND FREQUENCY PERCENT

HUMMS 67 18.7

STEM 138 38.4

TVL 51 14.2

GAS 63 17.5

ABM 40 11.1

Total 359 100.0

II. Factors Influencing Adolescent Smoking
Initiation
Table 1. Factors influencing adolescent
smoking initiation as to SOCIAL FACTORS
ITEM YES NO DON’T
KNOW/NOT
SURE

1. People at my 168 164 27

age think
smoking is
“cool”
II. Factors Influencing Adolescent Smoking
Initiation
Table 2. Factors influencing adolescent smoking
initiation as to PEER FACTORS
ITEM YES NO DON’T
KNOW/NOT
SURE

2. If one of your 111 221 27

best friend s were
to offer you a
cigarette, would
you smoke it?
II. Factors Influencing Adolescent Smoking
Initiation
Table 3. Factors influencing adolescent smoking
initiation as to APPETITE FACTORS
ITEM YES NO DON’T
KNOW/NOT
SURE

3. Do you think 140 136 83

smoking will
decrease a
smoker’s appetite?
II. Factors Influencing Adolescent Smoking
Initiation
Table 4. Factors influencing adolescent smoking
initiation as to STRESS FACTORS
ITEM YES NO DON’T
KNOW/NOT
SURE

4. Do you think 149 138 72

smoking will make
someone feel less
stressed?
II. Factors Influencing Adolescent Smoking
Initiation
Table 5.1. Factors influencing adolescent smoking
initiation as to ACADEMIC FACTORS
ITEM YES NO DON’T
KNOW/NOT
SURE

5. Do you think 122 199 38

smoking increases
a person’s focus
and concentration?
II. Factors Influencing Adolescent Smoking
Initiation
Table 5.2. Factors influencing adolescent smoking
initiation as to ACADEMIC FACTORS
ITEM YES NO DON’T
KNOW/NOT
SURE

6. Do you think 82 245 32

smoking can
improve
someone’s
academic
performance?
II. Factors Influencing Adolescent Smoking
Initiation
Table 6.1. Factors influencing adolescent smoking
initiation as to FAMILY FACTORS

ITEM YES NO DON’T

KNOW/NOT
SURE

7. While you were 109 250 0

growing up, did
any of your
parents smoke
inside your home?
II. Factors Influencing Adolescent Smoking
Initiation
Table 6.2. Factors influencing adolescent smoking
initiation as to FAMILY FACTORS
ITEM YES NO DON’T
KNOW/NOT
SURE

8. My brothers or 61 296 2
sisters who are
living with me
smokes.
II. Factors Influencing Adolescent Smoking
Initiation
Table 7.1. Factors influencing adolescent smoking
initiation as to SELF-IMAGE FACTORS
ITEM YES NO DON’T
KNOW/NOT
SURE

9. Do you think 106 241 12

smokers look cool
whenever they
smoke?
II. Factors Influencing Adolescent Smoking
Initiation
Table 7.2. Factors influencing adolescent smoking
initiation as to SELF-IMAGE FACTORS
ITEM YES NO DON’T
KNOW/NOT
SURE

10. Do you like 98 241 20

the image of he
smoker?
II. Factors Influencing Adolescent Smoking
Initiation
Table 8.1. Factors influencing adolescent smoking
initiation as to SELF-CONCEPT FACTORS
ITEM YES NO DON’T
KNOW/NOT
SURE

11. Do you think 119 221 9

that you will try a
cigarette soon?
II. Factors Influencing Adolescent Smoking
Initiation
Table 9. Factors influencing adolescent smoking
initiation as to SELF-CONCEPT FACTORS
ITEM YES NO DON’T
KNOW/NOT
SURE

12. Do you think 94 224 41

that you could
become addicted
to cigarette?
II. Factors Influencing Adolescent Smoking
Initiation
Table 10. Factors influencing adolescent smoking
initiation as to PHYSIOLOGIC EFFECTS
ITEM YES NO DON’T
KNOW/NOT
SURE

13. Do you think 118 183 58

smoking can give
you a relax
feeling?
II. Factors Influencing Adolescent Smoking
Initiation
Table 11. Factors influencing adolescent smoking
initiation as to PHYSIOLOGIC EFFECTS
ITEM YES NO DON’T
KNOW/NOT
SURE

14. Do you think 122 170 67

smoking can give
you a pleasurable
feeling?
III. Awareness of the Participants
Table 1. Awareness of the participants on the
effects of the cigarette smoking.
ITEM YES NO DON’T
KNOW/NOT
SURE
15. Do you often 338 20 1
see or hear anti-
smoking messages
on television,
radio, billboards,
newspapers,
posters,
newspapers,
magazines, or
movies?
III. Awareness of the Participants
Table 2. Awareness of the participants on the
effects of the cigarette smoking.
ITEM YES NO DON’T
KNOW/NOT
SURE
16. When you 346 10 3
were in school,
were you taught
about the dangers
of smoking (e.g.
lung cancer, heart
disease, fire
hazard)?
III. Awareness of the Participants
Table 3. Awareness of the participants on the
effects of the cigarette smoking.
ITEM YES NO DON’T
KNOW/NOT
SURE
17. As a teen, do 303 37 19
you think you
received adequate
information about
smoking and its
risk?
III. Awareness of the Participants
Table 4. Awareness of the participants on the
effects of the cigarette smoking.
ITEM YES NO DON’T
KNOW/NOT
SURE
18. Do you believe 311 43 5
that smoking
cigarettes could be
harmful to your
health?
IV. Number of participants who tried smoking at
least one to two puffs
Table 1. Number of participants tried smoking
cigarettes at least one to two puffs

YES NO

19. Have you ever tried 143 216

cigarette smoking, even
one or two puffs?
V. Age of the participants when they started
smoking
Table 1. Age of the participants when they started
smoking
NEVER BEFORE 14 16-17

20. How old were 216 122 21

you when you
first tried
cigarette
smoking, even
one or two puffs?
 VI. Test of Significant Difference According to AGE
Table 1. Test of significant difference on participants’
perception on the factors influencing their smoking
initiation according to AGE using Kruskal-Wallis Test
FACTORS KRUSKAL-WALLIS p-value INTERPRETATION
TEST

Social factors .943 .624 Not significant

Peer pressure 5.618 .060 Not significant
Appetite Suppresion 1.751 .417 Not significant

Stress 7.082 .029** Significant

Academic 5.922 .052 Not significant
Performance A
Academic Performance B 2.950 .229 Not significant

Family Influence A 5.691 .058 Not significant

Family Influence B 1.523 .467 Not significant

Self-image A 7.471 .024** Significant

Self-image B 3.093 .213 Not significant

Self-concept A 7.803 .020** Significant

Self-concept B 3.296 .192 Not Significant

Physiologic effects 11.237 .004** significant

 VII. Test of Significant Difference According to GENDER
Table 1. Test of significant difference on participants’
perception on the factors influencing their smoking
initiation according to GENDER using Mann-Whitney U
Test
FACTORS MANN-WHITNEY p-value INTERPRETATION
TEST

Social factors 16057.0 .993 Not significant

Peer pressure 14117.0 .021** Significant
Appetite Suppresion 15676.5 .672 Not significant

Stress 12859.0 .000** Significant

Academic 14691.0 .115 Not significant
Performance A
Academic Performance B 15196.5 .280 Not significant

Family Influence A 14339.0 .027** Significant

Family Influence B 14471.0 .014** Significant

Self-image A 14762.0 .105 Not Significant

Self-image B 15054.0 .211 Not significant

Self-concept A 13625.0 .004** Significant

Self-concept B 15747.0 .706 Not Significant

Physiologic effects 13430.0 .003** significant

 VIII. Test of Significant Difference According to GRADE
Table 1. Test of significant difference on participants’
perception on the factors influencing their smoking
initiation according to GRADE using Mann-Whitney U
Test
FACTORS MANN-WHITNEY p-value INTERPRETATION
U TEST

Social factors 15735.0 .850 Not significant

Peer pressure 14662.0 .140 Not Significant
Appetite Suppresion 15301.5 .512 Not significant
Stress 13807.0 .021** Significant
Academic 13990.5 .028** Significant
Performance A
Academic Performance B 14425.5 .065 Not significant

Family Influence A 14773.5 .148 Not Significant

Family Influence B 15592.5 .633 Not Significant

Self-image A 14293.5 .045** Significant

Self-image B 14809.5 .175 Not significant

Self-concept A 13790.0 .011** Significant

Self-concept B 15873.5 .975 Not Significant

Physiologic effects 13685.0 .013** Significant

 IX. Test of Significant Difference According to STRAND
Table 1. Test of significant difference on participants’
perception on the factors influencing their smoking
initiation according to STRAND using Kruskal-Wallis
Test
FACTORS KRUSKAL-WALLIS p-value INTERPRETATION
TEST

Social factors 4.513 .341 Not significant

Peer pressure 7.686 .104 Not significant
Appetite Suppression 2.228 .694 Not significant
Stress 14.036 .007** Significant
Academic 11.071 .026** Significant
Performance A
Academic Performance B 12.627 .065 Significant

Family Influence A 3.542 .013** Not Significant

Family Influence B 8.831 .472 Not Significant

Self-image A 17.133 .065 Significant

Self-image B 8.776 .002** Not significant

Self-concept A 11.811 .019** Significant

Self-concept B 5.230 .264 Not Significant

Physiologic effects 12.472 .014** Significant