MATRICES - INVERSE

Retnari Dian Mudiastuti,ST., M.Si

 Matrix Inverse

A-1 A = A A-1 = I
1 
3 0 0
3 0 0    
1 0 0
D D 1  0 5 0 0   0 1 0  I
1
0
 5 
0 0 7 0 1  0 0 1
 0
7 
 Matrix Inverse

Properties
A-1 only exists if A is square (n x n)
If A is invertible, A-1 is unique
If A-1 exists then A is non-singular (invertible)
(A-1) -1 = A
(A B) -1 = B-1 A-1; where A and B are the same size
B-1 A-1 A B = B-1 B = I
(cA) -1 = (1/c)A-1, where c is a nonzero scalar
(AT) -1 = (A-1)T;
(A-1)T AT = (A A-1)T = I
(An) -1 = (A-1)n , where n is a nonnegative integer
A-n = (A-1)n = (An) -1 , where n is a positive integer
 Matrix Inverse - Calculations

a b  x x2  1 x1 x2  a b  1 0
A 1
A  1 A A  I

c d   x3 x4   x3 x4   c d  0 1

1  cx2
ax1  cx2 1 x1 
a
bx1  dx2 0 1  cx2 b 1
ax3  cx4 0 b  dx2  0  x2   b
a (bc  ad ) det( A)
bx3  dx4 1


1  d  b
A 1 
det( A)  c a 

A general matrix can be inverted using methods such as the Gauss-Jordan

elimination, Gauss elimination or LU decomposition
 Matrix Inverse - Calculations

We can easily find the inverse (if it exists) of a 2x2 matrix using the following
formula:

Using the idea of inverses, we can use it to solve systems. Let A be a square coefficient
matrix (size n×n) of a system of linear equations. Then if A is invertible, the system
Ax = b has a unique solution by multiplying both sides of the equation by A-1, that is, x
= A-1b, where b is a vector in Rn.
 Matrix Inverse - Calculations
The Gauss-Jordan Method of Finding the Inverse

In order to find the inverse of matrices larger that 2x2, we need a better method. If
A is invertible and of size n×n, then we can find the matrix by the following
method:
1) Set up a matrix [A|I], a n×2n matrix where the left half is A and the right half
is
the identity matrix size n.
2) Perform elementary row operations to reduce the left side to the identity matrix,
while also performing those same operations on the right side.
3) If A is invertible, when the left side is reduced to the identity matrix, the right
side will be A-1. If the left side cannot be reduced to I, then A is not invertible.
 LATIHAN
• Untuk matriks A 2 x 2, dengan elemen-elemen matriks yang
terdiri dari 4 angka terakhir dari stambuk mu:
• A. Hitung determinan matriks A
• B. Hitung inverse matriks A