UNDERSTANDING OF Tower crane

What is crane:
CRANE :a large, tall machine used for moving heavy
material by suspending them from a projecting arm or
beam.

Why moving of Material or Material Handling?

To do big in small time, which is impossible manually.
History of crane
 The crane for lifting heavy loads was invented by the Ancient Greeks in the
late 6th century BC
Mechanical principles of crane

 There are three major considerations in the design of cranes.

1. the crane must be able to lift the weight of the load
2. the crane must not topple
3. the crane must not rupture.
Stability
the sum of all moments about the base of the crane must be close
to zero so that the crane does not overturn
the stability-limited rated load for a crawler crane is 75% of the
tipping load.
The stability-limited rated load for a mobile crane supported on
outriggers is 85% of the tipping load.
 Material Handling Equipment's
• Construction Material Handling
• Earth Material Handling
• Transportation Material Handling
• Bulk Material Handling
• Marine/ floating material Handling
• Air way Material Handling
Construction Material Handling
Equipment
Cranes
• Tower crane
• Crawler Crane
• Tyre mounted Crane – Rough terrain + Truck Mounted
• Gantry – EOT
• Harbour cranes
• Cable crane
• Derik crane
• Telescopic crane
Tower Cranes
Crawler Crane
Tyre mounted Crane
Gantry – EOT
Harbour cranes
Cable crane
Derrick crane
Telescopic crane
Major TOWER CRANE manufacturers we
use
Crane selection criteria

 ASSESS YOUR LIFTING NEEDS

1. What type of crane do you need for your current processes?
2. What might change in your operation that could impact the type of
crane you need in the future?
3. During your process, which parts of the crane move more
4. How much weight will be lifted?
5. How high will the material be lifted?
6. How far will the material travel and for how long?
7. How many times per hour will the crane perform these tasks?
 Crane selection criteria

 LOOK AT YOUR ENVIRONMENT

1. What are your building dimensions?
2. Where and how will the crane be operated?
3. Does your crane require protective elements
such as dust-proof protection, or explosion-proof
technology?
4. What are your desired speed requirements?
Crane selection criteria

 DETERMINE YOUR DUTY CLASSIFICATION

1. cranes are classified according to the intensity of the load
and the number of cycles the equipment completes in a
given period of time.
2. Determining your duty classification is essential when
selecting lifting equipment
3. Use the data you collected to determine your class based on
the classification systems
 Crane Typical Installation
Classification
Class A Standby or Power Houses Public Utilites
Infrequent Service Turbine Rooms Motor Rooms
Transformer Stations
Class B Light Repair Shops Light Assembly
Service Operations Light Warehousing
Class C Moderate Machine Shops Paper Mills
Service Machine Rooms
Class D Heavy Heavy Machine Shops Foundries
Service Fabricating Plants Steel
Warehouses Container Yards
Lumber Mills Standard Duty
Bucket & Magnet Operations
Class E Severe Magnet Bucket Magnet/Bucket
Service Combo Scrap Yards Cement Mills
Lumber Mills Fertilizer Plans
Container Handling
# Lifts Typical Workload
per/hr.
0 to 2 Precise handling at slow speeds with idle periods
between lifts Capacity loads may be handled for
initial installation of equipment and for
infrequent maintenance
2 to 5
Loads vary from no load to occasional full rated
loads
5 to 10
Average load is 50% of rated load 50% of less of
the lifts are at the rated capacity
10 to 20
Average loads approaching 50% are continuously
handled 50% of less of the lifts are at the rated
capacity
20+
Continuous use at/or near capacity
EXPLORE YOUR TECHNOLOGY OPTIONS
DECIDE ON HOOK ATTACHMENTS
 cranes can accommodate a number of lifting attachments.
 hook attachments need to fit the crane correctly and should not exceed the capacity of the
crane
LOOK BEYOND THE CRANE
 LOAD CHART
 SERVICEABILITY
 SPARE PARTS
 INSPECTIONS
 MAINTENANCE
 CONSULTATION
 DOCUMENTATION
 TRAINING
LOAD CHART
 Each crane has a load chart that, which, specifies the crane’s capabilities—detailing its features
and how its lift capacity varies when considering distance and angle.
1. DIMENSIONS and WEIGHT
2. LIFT CAPACITY
3. LIFT RANGE
4. LIFT ANGLE
5. CRANE IN MOTION
LOAD CHART

POTAIN MC115 B
6T@14m
LOAD CHART
Height of the crane
 Maximum unsupported height - 265 feet (80 meters) *varies from model to model

Example: Potain MC310 K 16

Tower crane Types
 Fixed tower crane
 Rail going tower crane
 Telescopic tower crane
 FLAT TOP Tower Crane
 Luffing Jib Tower Crane
 Self erecting tower crane
FIXED TOWER Rail going TOWER
CRANE
CRANE
Telescopic tower crane FLAT TOP Tower Crane
Luffing Jib Tower Crane
Crane Signalling –
communication with
operator

 Standard Hand signals

 Use of Radio wakitaki
Major parts
 Fixing angle / Under carriage
Mast section and Telescopic cage
Swing head, cat head, Hoist winch
JIB, counter jib, trolley , counter weight
Hook block, control panel and control drives
Operation control of crane
 HOIST- UP / DOWN
 TROLLEY - FWD / REV
 SWING - RIGHT / LEFT

 BOGGIE – FRONT / REAR *optional

Automated Safe Load Indicator
 Load display unit
 Sensors
 Limit switch
 Control PLC or PCB
Tower crane erection
 Foundation preparation
 Fixing of base mast
 Installing telescopic cage
 Connecting swing head
 Adding cat head* and cabin
 Fixing counter jib + counter jib tie and first counter weight
 Fixing of main jib and its tie rod
 Electrification of crane
 Connecting of hoist wire rope and hook block
 Telescoping of crane
 Load test and commissioning

 demo vedio
TOWER CRANE SAFETY
 During erection and dismantling
1. Not following Manufacturer instructions
2. Using sub standard materials and parts
3. Human factors
4. Electrocution,
 During operation
1. Electrocution,
2. Crushed by parts of the equipment,
3. Struck-by the equipment/load, and
4. Falls.
Tower crane mishap
How to Prevent the Mishaps
 Tower cranes are widely used for lifting operations in the construction industry
 Statistics show that tower cranes contribute to quite a number of serious accidents. Property
damage and bodily injuries.
 All can be avoided if they are properly used.

Some of simple tools to avoid mishap

 Automatic safe load indicator
 Certified plan - Planning of the Lifting Operation- LIFT PLANT AND PERMIT
 Competent examiner - Responsibilities/Requirements of Personnel
 ON time maintenance and repairs

 NSC VEDIO ON SAFETY OF MATERIAL HANDLING EQUIPMENTS

Some of worlds biggest cranes
 TOWER CRANE,
Kroll K-10000. One of the world largest tower cranes,
Capacity on Max reach 100 mtr: 94 tons
Max capacity: 240 tons
RECAP
 Crane definition: a large, tall machine used for moving heavy material by
suspending them from a projecting arm or beam.
 Types : Tower , crawler, gantry, mobile, telescopic etc.
 Selection criteria for crane
 What is load chart how to read load chart example
 ASLI Safe load indicators
 Tower crane erection process sequence and telescopic : recap
 Different hand signals and its meaning
Some of worlds biggest cranes
Mobile telescopic crane
 The Liebherr LTM 11200-9.1 is the most powerful mobile
crane ever built.
 It also has the longest telescopic boom in the world,
which extends fully to 100 meters.
 It's set on a double cab truck and can lift 1200 metric
tons
Taisun Gantry Crane
Lifting capacity: 20,000 metric tons
CRAWLER CRANE
XGC88000 built by Chinese Mfg XCMG
4,000 tonne capacity
 tower weighed 1,680 tonnes and was 118 metres tall and 14.4 m wide
The XGC88000, which has a maximum load moment rating of 88,000 tonne-
metres, was configured with an 108 m heavy boom and 33 m fixed jib
 A new 1,000 tonne XGW1100 was used alongside the crawler for tailing