Waterproofing

Watertight Concrete
Watertight concrete
• Standard in Germany: low w/c+ pozzolans like microsilica

• SBR-Latex: SIKA-Latex, Mowilith LDM6880, Nitobond SBR

• Crystalline: Xypex Admix C, Vandex, VELOSIT CA 112, CA 115, CA

117

• Hydrophobic Admixtures: SIKA-1, Conplast WP100

• Hydrophobic + pore blocking: Caltite, Hycrete W, Ipanex, Conplast

WP400

• Hydrophobic + Crystalline: VELOSIT CA 113

Crystalline Waterproofing -
Chemistry
• Crystalline Admixtures of the VELOSIT CA Series create during
concrete hardening crystalls inside the concrete pores and cracks
that reduce the pore volume dramatically.
• Besides that VELOSIT CA 117 allows to reduce the water cement
ratio reducing the amount of pores in the concrete.

• VELOSIT CA 113 gives an additional hydrophobic effect which adds

water repellency to the resistance against hydrostatic pressure.

• By choosing the right product you have many options to react to the
conditions on your job.
Chemistry:

The hydration of Portland cement produces large amounts

of Calcium hydroxide (CH) as a by-product:

2 C3S + 6H => C3S2H3 + 3 CH

2 C2S + 4H => C3S2H3 + 3 CH
 Chemistry:
Hydration of cement is a relatively slow process and Ca(OH)2 (CH)
is produced over a long period. But due to its low solubility
the pore water is saturated with Ca(OH)2 (CH) quickly.
 Chemistry:

• The reaction of the active cemicals in VELOSIT CA with Ca- and

Al Ions (CaO or Ca(OH)2) leads to insoluble salt crystals.

• Liquid water is a mandatory component for the reaction.

• Crystals fill pores and cracks up to a width of 0.4 mm.

• Amount and time of the crystalline growth depends on many

factors such as:
• Compositionof the concrete (cement, water amound,
aggregate grading)
• Presence of water (idealy many wet/dry cycles)

• The developing crystals are white and needle shaped.

• The mechanism is irreversible and permanent.
Chemistry:

Pore water is a 0.17% solution

of hydrated lime
Chemistry:
Crystals seal pores and
cracks
Chemistry:
Crystals seal pores and
cracks
VELOSIT CA Series

Crystalline
- VELOSIT CA 112: Powder, lowest dosage
- VELOSIT CA 115: Liquid, storage stable

Crystalline + water reducing

- VELOSIT CA 117: Liquid, CE marking acc. EN 934-2
Tab. 2

Crystalline + hydrophobic
- VELOSIT CA 113: Powder, low dosage, CE marking
acc. EN 934-2 Tab. 9
 Advantages of
VELOSIT CA
• Guaranteed self healing effect up to 0.4 mm static cracks
• Resistant to high hydrostatic pressures (13 bars) while
maintaing good concrete workability
• Limited influence on concrete mix design (except CA 117)
• Concrete surface remains suitable for subsequent coatings
• Complete VELOSIT system includes VELOSIT WS 801
swellable waterstops for construction joints
• Easy application, good dispersion
• Reduction of carbonation as chemicals scavange CO2
• Reduction in Chloride ion migration
Disadvantages of
crystalline admixtures
• Hydrophilic: Initial capillary water absorption often
slightly higher than untreated concrete
(Capillary water absorption becomes much lower than
untreated concrete typically after 21 days)
• Waterproofing effect takes days to develop
• Tendency for efflorescence and discoloration
(especially with slag or fly ash)
• Not recommended with high pozzolanic cement
replacement content
Waterproofing
Crystalline admixture

VELOSIT CA 113
Features:
- Self healing effect
- Hydrophobic, meets EN 934-2 table 9
- Strength increase compared to control concrete
- Eliminates the need for a superficial
waterproofing
Hydrophobic vs. crystalline

Hydrophobic effects (water repellency)

are very good against moisture and
dampness:
• Achieved by „coating“ all internal surfaces
with usually aliphatic hydrocarbons or
silanes
• Limited resistance against hydrostatic
pressure
• Effect fades away with dust deposit and
carbonation of concrete
Hydrophobic vs. crystalline

Crystalline products fill the concrete pores with

inorganic crystals:

• Pores are narrowed and ingress of water dramatically

reduced under hydrostatic pressure
• Crystals are hydrophilic and the smaller capillary
diameter further increases water absorption compared
to untreated concrete
Additional advantages
of VELOSIT CA 113
• Immediate water repellency
• Reduced efflorescence
• Reduced capillary water absorption compared
to untreated concrete
• Some improvement in workability/strength
compared to control mix
VELOSIT CA 113 Modified for
Petrojet – Suez Canal Tunnels
Problems to overcome:
• High air content
• Long time to develop strength despite hot air
curing: long de-moulding times
Requirements:
• Improved durability
• Improved water tightness
• Improved Rapid Chloride Ion test results
VELOSIT CA 113 Modified for
Petrojet – Suez Canal Tunnels
VELOSIT CA 113 Modified for
Petrojet – Suez Canal Tunnels
• Adjusted VELOSIT CA 113 formulation to suit
CEM III (60% Slag) + microsilica mix design
• Reduced setting time by 31.5%
• Reduced air content 19.7%
• Accelerated strength development to allow early
de-moulding:
• 27.3% @ 24 hours
• 6.62% @ 7 days
• 5.87% @ 28 days
VELOSIT CA 113 Modified for
Petrojet – Suez Canal Tunnels
• In addition to:
• Reduced permeability & Chloride
ion migration to
• Permenantly active waterproof
concrete capable of sealing
0.4mm cracks throuout the
lifetime of the structure
• 5.87% @ 28 days
Dosage requirements
VELOSIT CA 113 is dosed as a percentage of the mixing water,
not cement like other competitor products.

Dosage is 2.5kg for every 100 litres of water

The pore volume can only be treated up to w/c values of 0.55

It makes sense to add VELOSIT CA 113 to concrete mixes with

w/c values of less than 0.4 to achieve a self healing effect on
potential and futur cracks resisting up to 13 bars water
pressure.
Joint waterproofing

VELOSIT WS 801 – swellable

waterstop
Properties:
• Easy to install (for example by nailing)
• 1000% swelling in potable water
• 750% swelling in sea water
• Almost no swelling with cement lime
Joint waterproofing

VELOSIT WS 801 – swellable

waterstop
Installation:
1) VELOSIT WS 801 is installed onto
the face of the joint with nails
2) Then the shuttering is installed and
concrete poured
Joint waterproofing

VELOSIT WS 801 – swellable

waterstop
Working principle:
- Under water contact VELOSIT
WS 801 swells and creates a
pressure against the surrounding
concrete that seals the joint like
a gasket
Joint waterproofing

VELOSIT WS 802 – Reactive joint

profile
Properties:
• Easy to install, fixed in the rebar
structure
• Very strong bond to concrete based on
butyl rubber adhesive layer
• Easy to overlap
• Simple installation into vertical joints
Watertight concrete
VELOSIT CA 113 Summary

VELOSIT CA113 is a crystalline waterproofing

admixture with strong water repellency
Uses:
- Waterproofing of tanks
- Basements
- Pipes and tunnels
- Sewage structures
- Water channels
- Dams
Other products

VELOSIT CW 111
Crystalline waterproof slurry coat
VELOSIT WP 120
Highly felxible waterproof coating (105% elongation)
VELOSIT WP 124
Flexible waterproof coating (60% elongation); 8kg
liquid to 25 kg powder
Semi-flexible waterproof coating (8% elongation);
4kg liquid to 25 kg powder (+ 4 litre approx. water)
Waterproofing
Crystalline waterproofing slurry

VELOSIT CW 111
Features:
- Pot life of 40 min.
- 12 MPa compressive strength at 4 hours, >50 MPa
at 28 days
- Adhesion 2.8 MPa (concrete failure)
- Ready for hydrostatic pressure after 24 hours
- No water curing required – competitor products
require min. 3 days water curing
- Self healing effect, resists 13 bars & seals up to
0.4 mm static cracks
Waterproofing
Highly Flexible waterproofing slurries

VELOSIT WP 120 is a flexible waterproofing slurry for

warm and tropical climates
Uses, coating of:
• Tanks
• Swimming pools
• Wet areas
• Basements
• Sewage structures
• Green roofs
Waterproofing
Highly Flexible waterproofing slurries

VELOSIT WP 120
Features:
- Excellent workability for 40
min.
- Application by brush, trowel
or spray machine
- Fully cures even without air
contact
- Ready for hydrostatic
pressure after 72 hours
Waterproofing
Highly Flexible waterproofing slurries

VELOSIT WP 120
Features:
- Good UV resistance
- 100% elongation at 1.3 MPa
tensile strength
- 1 : 2 mixing ratio
Waterproofing
Flexible waterproofing slurries

VELOSIT WP 124
Features:
- For roof waterproofing
- Good UV resistance
- 1 : 3.12 mixing ratio for 60%
elongation
- 1 : 6.25 mixing ratio for +8%
elongation
Thank You!

VELOSIT GmbH & Co. KG

Industriepark 7 + 49 (0) 5233 – 95 17 300

D – 32805 Horn-Bad Meinberg + 49 (0) 5233 – 95 17 301
www.velosit.de info@velosit.de