Navigation

NAU 102
Lesson 24
 Piloting Procedures
Piloting involves navigating a vessel in
restricted waters and fixing its position as
precisely as possible at frequent intervals.

Extra precaution is required due to nearby

hazards.
Shallow water, rocks, etc.
Manmade features
Little room to recover from navigation errors.
 Piloting Procedures
Careful preparation and detailed planning is
necessary.
Always use the largest scale chart available.

Corrected up to the latest

Notice to Mariners
 Piloting Procedures
Careful preparation and detailed planning is
necessary.

Highlight navigation hazards

Mark the minimum depth contour.

Minimum Depth = Ship’s Draft – Height of

Tide + Safety Margin.
 Piloting Procedures

Minimum Depth = Ship’s Draft – Height of

Tide + Safety Margin.

Minimum Depth =
16 ft – 2 ft + 6 ft.

Minimum Depth =
20 ft.
Piloting Procedures

Highlight navigation aids

Visual navigation
aids

Radar navigation
aids
Piloting Procedures

Plot and label

the track line
 Piloting Procedures

Determine wheel-over points

Bear
Bad
Rock

Ships don’t make

WP 10 sharp turns despite
what the DR plot
looks like.
 Piloting Procedures

Important Terms
Advance - the distance gained in the original
direction until the vessel steadies on her new
course.

Transfer - the distance gained at right angles

to the original course, measured from the line
representing the original direction of travel to the
point of completion of the turn.
 Piloting Procedures
Transfer

Steady on course
Advance 075°

Right 15° rudder,

steady course
075°
 Piloting Procedures

Ship Maneuvering Characteristics

Determined during sea trials

Required to be posted on the bridge.

 Maneuvering Characteristics

Data is tabulated
Angle of Advance Transfer Angle of Advance Transfer
Turn Turn
15° 500 38 105° 993 833

30° 680 100 120° 933 1013

45° 827 207 135° 827 1140

60° 940 347 150° 687 1247

75° 1007 513 165° 533 1413

90° 1020 687 180° 367 1500

Danger Bearings
 Wheel-over point

When should I turn?

Fitting Angle of turn = 45°
Rock
Angle of Advance Transfer
°
50
-0

Turn
C

45° 827 207

Step 1 – Draw a line

parallel to the original
C - 005°

course at a distance equal

207 yds to the transfer
 Wheel-over point

When should I turn?

Paap Rock
Angle of turn = 45°
Angle of Advance Transfer
Turn
°
50
-0

45° 827 207

C

827 yds
Step 2 – Measure along the
line the distance of the
advance, starting from the
C - 005°

point the line intersected

the new course.
 Wheel-over point

When should I turn?

Chris Rock
Angle of turn = 45°
Angle of Advance Transfer
Turn
°
50
-0

45° 827 207

C

827 yds
Wheel-over Step 3 – Draw a line
point perpendicular to your
course line
C - 005°
 Wheel-over point

Swanson’s
Rock

°
50
-0
C Actual path
of travel
Wheel-over
point
C - 005°
 Turn Bearing

A bearing
of a Fleytas
Rock
prominent

°
50
navaid

-0
°T

C
07 0
that TB -
indicates Wheel-over
the vessel point
is at the
C - 005°

wheel-over
point.
 Turn Range

The range The Rock

to a
prominent

°
TR - 0.5 nm

50
navaid

-0
C
that
indicates Wheel-over
the vessel point
is at the
C - 005°

wheel-over
point.
Piloting Procedures

Plot danger bearings

 Danger Bearings

A line drawn from

a prominent
feature through

°
60
-0
the point of

C
Submerged
danger. +
Rock

Bearings are

°T
///
labeled Not More

/////
030
/////
°
C - 010

Than (NMT) T
NL
/////
/
/////
or Not Less Than
(NLT)
Introduction to Navigation

Questions?