INPUT OUTPUT

1- Devices
2- Modules
3- Techniques
 GROUP MEMBERS
• Ammar Shaukat 11011519-073
• Sadam Husain 11011519-037
• Taimur Hassan NOT FOUND
 INPUT OUTPUT DEVICES
•Human Readable
•Machine Readable
•Communication
 HUMAN READABLE
1-Interact with human
e.g, video display termilnals , Printers
 MACHINE READABLE
•Communicate with equipment
•E.g, Magnetic disk , tape , DVD ,
Sensors etc
 COMMUNICATION
•Communicate with remote devices

• Structure:
EXTERNAL DEVICES
 INPUT OUTPUT MODULES

•Functions
•Structure
 MODULES FUNCTOINS
•Control And timing
•Processor Communication
•Device Communication
•Data Buffering
•Error Detection
 CONTROL AND TIMING

• To coordinate the flow of traffic between

internal resources and external devices.
• E.g,
Switching of task from execution to I/0
 PROCESSOR COMMUNICATION
• I/O Module must communicate with the
processor and with the external device.
• Command decoding:
( module accepts the command from
processor and sent signals on control bus )
e,g READ , WRITE , SCAN etc
 PROCESSOR COMMUNICATION
• Data:
( exchange of data between Processor and
module )
• Status reporting: ( BUSY , READY )
• Address recognition:
( I/O Module must recognize a unique address for
each Peripheral it controls )
 DEVICE COMMUNICATION
• I/O Module must be able to perform
device communication
This involve
• Commands
• Status
• Data
 DATA BUFFERING

• I/O Module must be able to

communicate at both Device and
Memory Speeds
 ERROR DETECTION

• Different error detection techniques used

• Report error: bad disk track or paper jam
• Error techniques: Parity bit etc
 MODULE STRUCTURE
• Signal Lines (system bus lines):
Connection with rest of computer
• Logic:
Interact with the processor
Sturcture
 INPUT OUTPUT TECHNIQUES
•Programmed I/O
•Interrupt Driven I/O
•Direct Memory Access
 PROGRAMMED I/O
• Sequential manner Processing with module
• Direct control of Input output operation

• Disadvantage: Processor time wastage

INTERRUPT DRIVEN I/O
•Processor Issues a command to I/O
module and continues other
instructions
Does not wait completion of that I/O
operation.
 DISADVANTAGE
INTERRUPT DRIVEN I/O

• Processor time wasting but less than

programmed…
• Processor keeps engaged in every read or
write operation from input output module.
 DIRECT MEMORY ACCESS

• Module access the main memory directly

without involving the processor.
• And processor continue its execution without
interruption after reading or writing a word.
DIRECT MEMORY ACCESS