Workshop 3G Radio Network Parameter NSN

3G Radio Network Parameter
Telkomsel’s Workshop
Jan 18, 2012
Nokia Siemens Networks (NSN)
1 © Nokia Siemens Networks 3G Radio Parameter for Optimization/ Amin Fauzan / 19 June 2012
Content
1. Parameter Configuration
2. Coverage Parameter
3. Admission Control Parameter
4. Mobility Parameter
Content
Logical Structure of the RNC Database Objects
NrtHopsIdentifier = 1 HOPS
Mobility and RtHopsIdentifier = 2 (RTwHSDPA)
HOPSid = 3
Neighboring Parameter HSDPAHopsIdentifier = 6
Configuration WCEL RTwithHSDPAHopsIdentifier = 3 HOPS HOPSid = 1

(NRT)
ADJS HOPS HOPSid = 2

(RT)
WBTS WCEL
ADJSid = 1 HOPS
HOPSid = 6
(HSDPA)
NrtFmcsIdentifier = 3
Each ADJS has associated 1 HOPS for NRT, 1 for RT
RtFmcsIdentifier = 40 WCEL
& 2 for HSDPA, sets can be reused for other cells.)
HSDPAFmcsIdentifier = 50
FMCSid = 1 FMCS HOPS

HOPSid = 1
(NRT) (NRT)
Each WCEL has
associated 1 FMCS
FMCSid = 1 FMCS HOPS
for NRT & 1 for RT & ADJI HOPSid = 5
(RT) (RT)
2 for HS(D)PA, all
can be reused for
other cells. FMCSid = 2 FMCS HOPS
(HS(D)PA) ADJDid = 1 HOPSid = 7
(HSDPA)
FMCS HOPS
FMCSid = 2 HOPSid = 3
(RT&HS(D)PA) (RTwHSDPA)
Content
1. Parameter Configuration 1. Cell Selection

2. Cell Re-Selection
2. Coverage Parameter 3. CPICH Setting
4. RACH Preamble Procedure
5. Packet Scheduler Parameter
Idle Coverage Parameter
Cell Selection
Squal = Qqualmeas – Qqualmin AND
Srxlev = Qrxlevmeas - Qrxlevmin – Pcompensation
Qqualmeas (dB)
(CPICH Ec/N0) S-Criterion
Squal > 0
fulfilled
Squal >0 AND
Srxlev > 0
Qqualmin
(–24...0)
Qrxlevmin Qrxlevmeas (dBm)

(–115...–25) CPICH RSCP
suitable
cell? Pcompensation
Srxlev > 0
Idle Coverage Parameter
Cell Status and Special Reservation
Idle Mode Parameter
Cell Re-Selection
Neighbour list
from BCCH
Measurement criteria
Measured
neighbours
S – criteria
Suitable
neighbours
R – criteria
Best ranked cell
Re-selection if not serving cell
Idle Mode Parameter
Cell Re-Selection : Measurement Rules
SsearchRAT m Sintersearch Sintrasearch Sx=Squal (in FDD mode)
Intra- No need to
frequency Intra-frequency Intra- measure
Inter-freqency Inter-frequency frequency neighbour
Inter-RAT cells
EC/N0 = -14 dB -10 dB -8 dB
Example: Nokia
Qqualmin = -18 dB When to perform
Sintrasearch = 10dB measurements
Sintersearch = 8dB
Ssearch_RAT = 4dB
serving cell
Idle Mode Parameter
Cell Re-Selection : R-Criterion
• a cell-ranking criterion R was specified:
•Rs = Qmeas,s + Qhysts (for the serving cell)
•Rn = Qmeas,n - Qoffsets,n (for candidate neighbouring cells for cell reselection)
• The serving cell and the remaining candidate cells are ranked according to criterion R.
• The cell ranked with the highest value R is the best cell for the UE to camp on.
• Qhysts gives a hysteresis value to make the serving cell more attractive and thus delay the cell re-
selection.
• The value Qoffset is an offset given for each individual neighbouring cell, which ranges between –50
and 50 dB, with default set to 0.
• Qoffset2/ Qhyst2s when Ec/No is used
• Qoffset1 Qhyst1s when RSCP is use
• Is the cell re-selection initiated immediately after the UE ranks a neighbouring cell to be the best?
•If so, we could face a ping-pong effect – a UE often performing cell reselection between two
neighbouring cells.
•To avoid this, the operator uses the time interval value Treselection, whose value ranges
between 0 and 31 seconds.
•Only when a cell was ranked Treselection seconds better then the serving cell, a cell reselection
to this cell takes place.
•In addition to this, a UE must camp at least 1 second on a serving cell, before the next cell re-
selection may take place.
Cell Reselection: R-Criterion
Rs = Qmeas,s + Qhysts Rn > Rs =>
Rn = Qmeas,n - Qoffsets,n „cell reselection“
Qmeas
Qmeas,n
Rn
Qmeas,s
Qhysts
Rs
Qoffsets,n
Treselection
CellSelQualMeas defined the measurement quantity to be used for cell reselection decision
CPICH Setting
• DL Common control channels must be heard over the whole cell, thus their power setting is designed
for “cell edge”.
• Most of Common Channels do not have a power control.
• The power of the common physical channels are set relative to the CPICH
• Setting the DL Common Control Channel Power is a trade off between:
• cell coverage: all the channels must be decoded at the cell edge
• cell capacity: the common channel power consume resources from the traffic channels
Pilot coverage
P-CCPCH
coverage In this example the mobile "sees"
the cell but cannot access it as it
cannot decode the BCH
CPICH Setting
• By default the CPICH consumes 2 W of the Node B power for 20 W PA or 4 W for 40 W
PA  around 10% of PA
• For optimization purposes, CPICH setting must consider the balance path loss and trade
off between overage and capacity
Less Power
Available for traffic
Reduced system
capacity
Increased soft
handover overhead
Too much Late cell reselection Non- ideal traffic

power /handout
/handover
too late distribution
CPICH Transmit
Power
CPICH coverage Reduced system

Too little holes coverage
power
Unreliable channel IncreasedEb/No Reduced system
estimation requirement capacity
Early cell reselection Non- ideal traffic

/handout
/handover
too early distribution
Total DL Common Channel Power
Service Default Minimum Minimum Maximum Maximum

Type Power Activity Average Activity Average
Power Power
CPICH 33 dBm 100 % 33 dBm 100 % 33 dBm
P-SCH 30 dBm 10 % 20 dBm 10 % 20 dBm
S-SCH 30 dBm 10 % 20 dBm 10 % 20 dBm
P-CCPCH 28 dBm 90 % 27.5 dBm 90 % 27.5 dBm
S-CCPCH 33 dBm 25 % 27 dBm 100 % 33.6 dBm
PICH 25 dBm 96 % 24.8 dBm 96 % 24.8 dBm
AICH 25 dBm 0% - 80 % 24 dBm
Total - - 35.5 dBm - 37.5 dBm
3.5 W 5.6 W
Random Access Procedure Acquisition indication
Downlink / BS
PowerRampStepPRACHpreamble (2 dB)
…. ….
Uplink / UE
Preamble 1 Preamble n PRACH Message part
PRACH_preamble_retrans (8):
The maximum number of
preambles allowed in one
preamble ramping cycle
:RACH_tx_Max (8) # of preamble

power ramping cycles that can be
done before RACH transmission
failure is reported,
1st Preamble Power :

Primary CPICH TX power =33dBm (Broadcast per WCELL)
DL RSCP = -80dBm (Measured by UE)
UL_IF = –100 dBm (Broadcast per WCELL)
UL_Required_C/I = -25 dB (Parameter per WCELL)
16 UE PRACH First
© Nokia Siemens Networks Preamble
3G Radio Power
Parameter for = 33
Optimization/ Fauzan /–
AmindBm 19(-80 dBm) + (-100 dBm) + (-25 dB) = -12 dBm
June 2012
Content

Admission Control
Resource allocation at RAB setup
UE Node B RNC MGW
RRC Connection Establishment
Authentication & Security mode

Setup
Call Proceeding
Facility
RAB Assignment Request
Radio Link Reconfigure Prepare

1 – AC, RM
Radio Link Reconfigure Ready
2 – RL reconf
AAL2SIG:ERQ
AAL2SIG:ECF 3 – RNC CAC
FP: Downlink Sync
4 - BTS CAC FP: Uplink Sync

AAL2SIG:ERQ
AAL2SIG:ECF
Radio Link Reconfiguration Commit

Radio Bearer Setup
Radio Bearer Setup Complete
UL Admission Control
Load Based Admission Decision Process
WCEL:PrxTarget (0…30dB)(0.1dB)(4dB)
WCEL:PrxOffset (0…6dB)(0.1dB)(1dB)
Noise Rise [dB]
Overloaded Area
PrxTarget [dB] + PrxOffset [dB]
Marginal Load Area Prx Target [dB]
Feasible Load Area
PrxTarget =  10  Log10 1    dB

load factor 
Range [0..1]
Parameters
• When the non-controllable part of the cell load exceeds the target limit, AC will reject
those RAB establishment requests that would mean immediate UL load increase (i.e. RT
services) (not true for WPS call)
• The packet scheduler is responsible on handling the NRT bearer
• When load is too high bit rates are decreased etc.
• When the PrxTarget level has
been exceeded
• it is possible for the AC/PS to
PrxNoise [dBm] + PrxTarget [dB] + PrxOffset [dB] admit NRT services (AC)
PrxTotal • it is possible to schedule
[dBm] (allocate) bitrate for NRT
Prx_NC services
[dBm] • bitrate (load) increase for NRT
PrxNoise [dBm] + PrxTarget [dB] is not possible
Admission Decision
CASE 1 CASE 2
Prx_Target_BS Prx_Target_BS
Prx_Target Prx_Target
Controllable load
Controllable load
Prx_NC Prx_NC
Prx_SC Prx_SC
Prx_NC Prx_NC
Power check Power check

Prx_NC + Prx_SC + Prx_NC  Prx_Target Prx_NC + Prx_SC + Prx_NC  Prx_Target
Prx_Total < PrxTarget PrxTotal > Prx_Target
RT RAB admitted as well as

RT RAB admitted (as well as NRT) NRT  Priority based
scheduling by PS
Admission Decision
CASE 3
CASE 4
Prx_Target_BS Prx_Target_BS
Controllable load
Controllable load  Prx_NC
Prx_Target Prx_Target
Prx_SC
Prx_NC
Prx_SC
Prx_NC
Prx_NC
Prx_NC + Prx_SC + Prx_NC  Prx_Target Prx_NC + Prx_SC + Prx_NC > Prx_Target

Prx_total > Prx_Target_BS Prx_total < Prx_Target_BS
RT RAB admitted (NRT RT RAB denied (NRT RAB permitted) RT
permitted) - Overload over NRT triggered
Control by PS
or directed retry to GSM for AMR voice
service
DL Admission Control
Load Based Admission Decision Process
WCEL:PtxTarget (-10…PtxCellMax)(0.1dBm)(40dBm)
WCEL:PtxOffset (0…6dB)(0.1dB)(1dB) Cell Maximum
WCEL:PtxCellMax(0…50dBm)(0.1dB)(43dBm)
total transmitted
Ptx Total [dBm]
Overloaded Area
power
Ptx Target [dBm] + PtxOffset [dB]

Marginal Load Area Ptx Target [dBm]
Feasible Load Area
load factor

DL Cell Load Admission Criteria Thresholds
• For the RB to be established (non streaming service requests) the increase of the non-
controllable load Ptx_nc is estimated on the basis of the measured P tx _ total
• Then the estimated non-controllable DL power is compared against the threshold
• If the equation is NOT satisfied then the RAB can NOT be admitted!
Ptx_nc  Ptx_nc  Ptx_target
Ptx_nc = Ptx_total – Ptx_nrt Ptx _ nc  Ptx  Ptx,admitted
DL Admission Decision
Ptx_Target_BS
Ptx_Target
Controllable load
Controllable load
Ptx_NC Ptx_NC
Ptx_NC Ptx_NC
Case I Case II
Ptx_nc  Ptx_nc  Ptx_target Ptx_nc  Ptx_nc  Ptx_target
RT RAB admitted RT RAB admitted

(as well as NRT) (as well as NRT)
26 © Nokia Siemens Networks 3G Radio Parameter for Optimization/ Amin Fauzan / 19 June 2012Priority based Scheduling
DL Admission Decision
Ptx_Target_BS
Controllable load
Ptx_NC
Ptx_Target
Controllable load
Ptx_NC
Ptx_NC
Ptx_NC
Case III Case IV
Ptx_nc  Ptx_nc  Ptx_target Ptx_nc  Ptx_nc  Ptx_target
RT RAB admitted (as well as RT RAB denied (NRT RAB permitted)

NRT) Overload actions RT over NRT pre emption or Directed
started by PS retry to GSM for AMR voice call
Admission Control in Case of Congestion
• Congestion can happen in UTRAN logical and physical resources
• Radio resources (uplink interference, DL power)
• Spreading code
• BTS hardware
• Iub, Iur transmission resources
• RNC HW capacity
• In the first four cases, forced data rate downgrades or releases can be applied to arrange capacity for
an arriving resource request, the available features are
• RT over NRT feature
• RT RAB pre-emption
RT over NRT
• Establishment of a conversational or streaming (RT) RAB requires that resources from the NRT are
removed
• Triggered by
• Resource request for an RT RAB
• Resource request for an RRC connection setup to establish RT RAB or signalling
• IE establishment cause of the RRC Connection Request message is "Registration",
"Detach", "Originating High Priority Signaling", "Terminating High Priority Signalling", "Inter-
RAT cell re-selection", "Inter-RAT cell change order", "Originating Conversational Call",
"Terminating Conversational Call", "Originating Streaming Call", "Terminating Streaming
Call" or "Terminating - cause unknown"
• Actions
• Downgrade NRT RAB/DCH resources
• Target RAB
• RAB with highest maximum bit rate
RT RAB Pre-emption
• RT RAB pre-emption is triggered when it is not possible to establish a prioritised RAB without
releasing lower priority real time (RT) bearers
• Triggered by
• Prioritised RAB
• Allocation/Retention Priority: “may trigger pre-emption”
• By default in Nokia CN only emergency calls
• Resource request for an RRC connection setup to establish emergency call
• IE establishment cause of the RRC Connection Request message is “Emergency call”
• Actions
• Release the DCH allocation of the target RAB
• Target
• Pre-emption vulnerability indicator of the RAB attribute Allocation/Retention priority is set to "pre-
emptable“  Default all calls but not emergency calls
• RABs with lower Allocation/Retention priority level
Resource Hunting and Frozen Resources
• When congestion of a resource is experienced, the SRNC will reattempt to hunt and reserve the
resource for a prioritised or real-time service resource request
• RNC: MaxNumberOfReAttemptsCong
• The number of re-attempts is defined with RNC configuration parameter Re-attempts to hunt
resources
• Range and step: 1..10, step 1
• Default value: 2 (As a default RNC performs a maximum of two re-attempts)
• In case of congestion of a BTS, cell or Iub the resources question are frozen
• RNC blocks new establishments to and from this BTS, cell or Iub until all the needed resources
are hunted for this particular resource request
• After that the BTS, cell or Iub is defrosted
• The resources are defrosted latest after Maximum freezing time defined by RNC:
MaxFreezingTime parameter (dafault 3 sec.)
Content
Soft Handover
WCDMA F1 WCDMA F1 WCDMA F1
• SHO  UE connect to more than one cells (active set)

• Supported Event in SHO : Event 1a (Addition). Event 1b (Deletion), Event 1C (Replacement)\
• 1A and 1B reporting range is defined by strongest active set cell
• 1C reporting range is defined by weakest active set cell
• Handover decision performed by RNC based on measurements and available resources
• Admission Control can reject the branch addition in case the maximum load is achieved in DL
(threshold + offset), valid both for RT and NRT bitrates.
• Hard blocking may prevent branch addition
• The Handover measurement is based on CPICH Ec/Io
Soft Handover
1A: A Primary CPICH Enters the Reporting Range
Ec/Io ActiveSetWeightingCoefficient (0)

Strongest CPICH in AS P CPICH 1
P CPICH 2 AdditionWindow
(4dB)
1
P CPICH 3
time
3 4
AdditionTime
(100ms) AdditionReportingInterval (0.5 s)
Measurement no
Report
Add to
RNC the AS?
Soft Handover
1B: A Primary CPICH leaves the Reporting Range
Ec/Io Strongest CPICH in AS

P CPICH 1
DropWindow (6dB)
P CPICH 2 1
2
3 P CPICH 3
time
DropTime (640 ms)
Remove the
reported cell
Measurement
from the AS
Report
Soft Handover
1C: A non-active CPICH becomes better than an active primary CPICH
Ec/Io AS has 3 cells

P CPICH 1
P CPICH 2
P CPICH 4
1
ReplacementWindow (2dB)
P CPICH 3
weakest CPICH3 in AS
2 3 4 time
ReplacementTime ReplacementReportingInterval (1 s)
(100 ms)
no
Measurement AS
Report update?
RNC
Soft Handover
Individual Ncell Offset
Ec/Io
Reportin
P CPICH 1 g Range
P CPICH 2
AdjsEcNoOffset
Enlarging Cell 3 by x dB
P CPICH 3
time
Reporting Reporting
Event 1B Event 1A
Soft Handover
Forbidding Neighbour Cell from Reporting Range
Ec/Io
P CPICH 1
PCPICH3 is forbidden to
Reporting affect the reporting range as
Range
its quality is quite unstable.
AdjsDERR
P CPICH 2
P CPICH 3
Time
Soft Handover signalling
Branch addition Branch deletion
RRC: Measurement Report (e1b)
RRC: Measurement Report (e1a)
RRC: Active Set Update
RRC: Active Set Update
RRC: Active Set Update Complete
RRC: Active Set Update Complete
Inter-RNC Soft HO
• Inter-RNC soft Handovers are performed if:

• RNC: IurUPSupport indicates the support of the
user plane over Iur RNC RNC
IurUPSupport
• HOPS: EnableInterRNCsho indicates whether
cell can participate in a SHO
• Otherwise, HC
checks whether cell1 cell5
Hard Handover is
possible
cell4
cell3 cell2 cell6
EnableInterRNCsho
EnableInterRNCsho
IFHO – ISHO Process Overview
1 HO Triggering Thresholds set in RNC
Event Triggered Coverage/Capacity

based HO fulfilled in RNC
RNC commands selected UE(s) to start

2 IF/IS measurements
Measurements are done in

Compressed Mode (CM)
UE reports GSM cells with

strongest RSSI signals to RNC
3
RSSI measurements and BSIC
verification for GSM cells
RNC makes HO decision and

4 commands UE to target cell
IFHO/ISHO measurements- difference
IF-HO
• IF measurements Measurement Target Cell found
Trigger
WCDM IF -measurements
A
• IS measurements IF-HO
Decision
IS-HO
Measurement IS-HO
Trigger Target Cell found
Decision
WCDM RSSI meas. BSIC verification

A
• BSIC verification required in case neighbour list includes multiple GSM
neighbours using the same RF carrier
IF/IS Handover
Triggering Reasons
1. Low measured absolute 2 . Low measured absolute

CPICH Ec/No, event 1E/1F 1.&2. are triggered, CPICH RSCP, events 1E/1F
FMCI: IFHOcauseCPICHEcNo when all cells report 1E FMCI: IFHOcauseCPICHrscp,
FMCG: GSMcauseCPICHEcNo FMCG: GSMcauseCPICHrscp
3. UE Tx power approaches its

maximum allowed power, event 4. DL DPCH approaches its
6A/6D Measurement maximum allowed power
FMCI: IFHOcauseTxPwrUL Trigger FMCI: IFHOcauseTxPwrDL
FMCG: GSMcauseTxPwrUL FMCG: GSMcauseTxPwrDL
4. is triggered, when one cells reports
5. Quality deterioration report 6 . Others

from UL outer loop PC - Load and Service based HO
FMCI: IFHOcauseUplinkQuality - IMSI based HO
FMCG: GSMcauseUplinkQuality - Emergency ISHO
Frequency Measuring Control for Inter-Frequency = FMCI

Frequency Measuring Control for Inter-System (GSM) = FMCG
Measurement Trigger CPICH EcNo / CPICH RSCP
Reporting event: 1E: CPICH exceeds an absolute threshold
1F: A P-CPICH falls below an absolute threshold (HO triggered if all)
CPICH Ec/No or RSCP
Cell 1 Cell 2
Cell 3
1E: HHoEcNoCancel (-9 dB)
HHoRscpCancel (-102 dBm) 1F: HHoEcNoThreshold (-12 dB)
absolute
threshold HHoRscpThreshold (-105 dBm)
Time
1E: HHoEcNoCancelTime (1280 ms) / 1F: HHoEcNoTimeHysteresis (120 ms)
HHoRscpCancelTime (1280 ms) HHoRscpTimeHysteresis (100 ms)
Measurement Trigger CPICH EcNo / CPICH RSCP
• RNC starts IF/IS measurement when event 1F occurs for all cells in the active set: A
Primary CPICH becomes less than an absolute threshold
• RNC stops IF/IS measurement when event 1E occurs for at least one cell of the active set
: A Primary CPICH becomes better than an absolute threshold
• Note: Without ISHO Cancellation Feature, IF/IS measurements can be stopped if
event 1Fs are cancelled by events 1E only when IFHO/ISHO was not successful and
only inside the time for CM measurements, specified by the
parameters FMCI:InterFreqMinMeasInterval,FMCG:GsmMinMeasInterval default 2s.
• With the feature, ISHO cancellation is still possible after target cell selection
• Filtering applied before event evaluation in the UE:
• FMCS: EcNoFilterCoefficient/ HHoRscpFilterCoefficient = 200ms filtering period
Reporting Events 6A, 6B and 6D
6A: The UE Tx power exceeds an absolute threshold
6B: The UE Tx power falls below an absolute threshold
UE Tx Power
6D: The UE Tx power reaches its maximum value (Not used in Nokia RAN)
6D
min(UEtxPowerMaxDPCH, P_MAX)
UE Transmitted
Power Tx Threshold
6A
6B
time
InterfreqUETxPwrTimeHyst (10 ms) time to
GSMUETxPwrTimeHyst (10 ms) trigger
ISHO Parameters
CPICH RSCP (Event 1F) CPICH Ec/Io (Event 1F)
•Thresholds: DL DPCH power •Thresholds:
HHoRscpThreshold •Threshold: HHoEcNoThreshold
HHoRscpCancel GsmDLTxPwrThrXX HHoEcNoCancel
L3 filter: •Data rate threshold •L3 filter:
HHoRscpFilterCoefficient HHOMAxAllowedBitrateDL Done already for SHO
•Timers: •Timers:
HHoRscpTimeHysteresis HHoEcNoTimeHysteresis
HHoRscpCancelTime HHoEcNoCancelTime
UE Tx Power (Event 6A) UL Quality

•Threshold: •Timer:
GsmUETxPwrThrXX
GSM measurement reporting ULQualDetRepThreshold
•L3 filter: GsmMeasRepInterval •Data rate threshold
GsmUETxPwrFilterCoeff HHOMAxAllowedBitrateUL
GsmNcellSearchPeriod
•Hysteresis margin:
GsmUETxPwrTimeHyst
GsmMinMeasInterval
•Data rate threshold GsmMaxMeasPeriod
HHOMAxAllowedBitrateUL
Handover Triggering
(XX=AMR,CS,NrtPS,RtPS)
Decision Algorithm
AdjgTxPwrMaxTCH
AdjgRxLevMinHO (n)
GsmMeasAveWindow
Handover Execution
2G-to-3G back prevention
GsmMinHoInterval
IFHO Parameter
CPICH RSCP (Event 1F) CPICH Ec/Io (Event 1F)
•Thresholds: DL DPCH power •Thresholds:
HHoRscpThreshold •Threshold: HHoEcNoThreshold
HHoRscpCancel InterFreqDLTxPwrThrXX HHoEcNoCancel
•L3 filter: •Data rate threshold •L3 filter:
HHoRscpFilterCoefficient * HHOMAxAllowedBitrateDL EcNoFilterCoefficient *
•Time to trigger: •Time to trigger:
HHoRscpTimeHysteresis * HHoEcNoTimeHysteresis *
HHoRscpCancelTime * HHoEcNoCancelTime *
UE Tx Power (Event 6A\6B) UL Quality

•Threshold: IF HO meas control parameters
•Timer:
InterFreqUETxPwrThrXX InterFreqMaxMeasPeriod * ULQualDetRepThreshold
•L3 filter: InterFreqMeasRepInterval * •Data rate threshold
InterFreqUETxPwrFilterCoeff * InterFreqNcellSearchPeriod * HHOMAxAllowedBitrateUL
•Hysteresis margin (time to trigger):
InterFreqUETxPwrTimeHyst * InterFreqMinHoInterval *
•Data rate threshold InterFreqMinMeasInterval *
HHOMAxAllowedBitrateUL * InterFreqMeasAveWindow *
Handover Triggering
(XX=AMR,NrtPS,RtPS)
Decision Algorithm
(* = parameters already optimised)
AdjiPlossMargin
(in purple = parameters under study) AdjiMinEcNo
AdjiMinRSCP
AdjiTxPwrDPCH
AdjiEcNoMargin
Handover Execution
IFHO/ISHO Measurements
• After HO triggering message is sent to RNC, a RRC message ”Measurement Control” is
sent to UE containing details of the measurement that the UE must execute. Measurement
reporting is periodical. Max 6 IF/GSM cells could be measured by UE and reported to
RNC. No filtering in measurements by UE
RRC: ”Measurement control ” message - GSM RSSI measurement
RNC - Carrier “2” measurement
• Upon reception of the measurements

UE reported by the UE, RNC applies a sliding averaging
window to the RXLEV measurements. The averaged levels are used as input to the IS-HO
decision algorithm.
RNC
UE
GsmMeasRepInterval or RRC: ”Measurement report”

RXLEV for ISHO and CPICH EcNo/Rscp for IFHO
AdjiMeasRepInterval
RRC: ”Measurement report” measurements are reported through
(default 0.5s) ”Measurement report” messages
Inter System Handover Measurements
GSM RSSI measurements -timing-
Aim of NcellSearchPeriod :
Wait until enough measurements of NB cells are available for RNC to
identify target cell.
Value 0,1 means: 1 Measurement Report need to arrive in RNC to decide
Value 2,3,N means: 2,3,N Measurement Reports need to arrive in RNC to decide
RNC commands WBTS and UE to perform CM
1.5 sec GSMNcellSearchPeriod : 3 or GSMMaxMeasPeriod : 6 reports or

InterFreqNcellSearchPeriod : 3 InterFreqMaxMeasPeriod : 6 reports
RNC starts receiving window
Trigger (sliding) 3 sec
no Handover to GSM/IF allowed Handover to GSM / IF allowed
T=0 t
plus 4x GSMMeasRepInterval for ISHO

(default implementation; here: 2sec)  BSIC verification
If no target cell found, procedure may restart

if trigger occurs again. Waiting for
UE sends Hit-List in Measurement Reports according GSMMinMeasInterval :2 s or
inter-RAT list provided from RNC InterFreqMinMeasInterval: 2 s
GSMMeasRepInterval : 0.5 s, 6 cells per report  3s or

InterFreqMeasRepInterval : 0.5 s, 6 cells per report  3 s
IFHO Decision
1. Quality Criterion in case trigger was DL DPCH Power or CPICH Ec/No:

• Signal level from new cell > required Signal level in new cell + adjustment due to allowed power
AVE_RSCP_NCELL (n) > AdjiMinRSCP(n) + max(0, AdjiTxPwrDPCH(n) - P_MAX)
• EcNo on new cell better than EcNo in old cell + margin

AVE_EcNo_NCELL (n) > AVE_CPICH_EcNo + AdjiEcNoMargin(n)
2. Pathloss Criterion in case trigger was UE Tx Power, CPICH RSCP or UL DPCH

Quality:
• EcNo on new cell better than required EcNo in new cell (default –14 dB)
AVE_EcNo_NCELL (n) > AdjiMinEcNo(n)
• PathLoss in old cell > PathLoss in new cell + Margin (default 2 dB)
CPICH_POWER - AVE_CPICH_RSCP >
CPICH_POWER_NCELL (n) - AVE_RSCP_NCELL (n) + AdjiPlossMargin(n)
ISHO Decision
The following conditions have to be satisfied, before an inter-system Handover can be conducted. The
best neighboring cell must fulfil following criterion („best“ according to Ec/No):
AVE_RXLEV_NCell(n)
> AdjgRxLevMinHO(n) + max(0, AdjgTxPwrMaxTCH(n) - P_max)
where
 AVE_RXLEV _Ncell(n) is the averaged GSM carrier RSSI value of the GSM neighbor
cell(n), averaging done directly from dBm values (no linear averaging); FMCG:
GSMMeasAveWindow / 6, 1…32 meas report.
 AdjgRxLevMinHO(n) determines the minimum Required RSSI (dBm) level of the neighbor
cell(n).
 AdjgTxPwrMaxTCH(n) indicated the maximum Tx power level (dBm) an UE may use in
GSM neighbor cell(n).
 P_MAX is the maximum UE power capability.
• If several GSM cells fulfil the equation above, cells are ranked based on HOPG:
AdjgPriorityCoverage/0, range 0…7
• A cell is ranked higher than another cell if it has a higher priority level even though its signal
strength condition was worse
ISHO Cancellation
UE RNC
Activate CM and measurements UE or RAN trigger
starts ISHO
UE measures GSM
but also Intra-
frequency Reporting event relevant for cancellation: 1A,1C,1E, 6B… .. or RAN internal
event allows
cancellation
Cancel CM and measurements
• The inter-system measurement phase takes a few seconds and during that time the
conditions in the WCDMA layer may change => Cancellation
• AS Update can also cancel ISHO
• No cancellation once measurement phase is completed
• Cancellation will reduced system load due to signaling and CM
Thank You

Workshop 3G Radio Network Parameter NSN

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Workshop 3G Radio Network Parameter NSN

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3G Radio Network Parameter

Nokia Siemens Networks (NSN)

Neighboring Parameter HSDPAHopsIdentifier = 6

Configuration WCEL RTwithHSDPAHopsIdentifier = 3 HOPS HOPSid = 1

ADJS HOPS HOPSid = 2

FMCSid = 1 FMCS HOPS

1. Parameter Configuration 1. Cell Selection

Qrxlevmin Qrxlevmeas (dBm)

Best ranked cell

Re-selection if not serving cell

EC/N0 = -14 dB -10 dB -8 dB

Too much Late cell reselection Non- ideal traffic

CPICH coverage Reduced system

Early cell reselection Non- ideal traffic

Service Default Minimum Minimum Maximum Maximum

:RACH_tx_Max (8) # of preamble

1st Preamble Power :

3. Admission Control Parameter

RRC Connection Establishment

Authentication & Security mode

Radio Link Reconfigure Prepare

4 - BTS CAC FP: Uplink Sync

Radio Link Reconfiguration Commit

PrxTarget [dB] + PrxOffset [dB]

Marginal Load Area Prx Target [dB]

Feasible Load Area

PrxTarget =  10  Log10 1    dB

Power check Power check

Prx_Total < PrxTarget PrxTotal > Prx_Target

RT RAB admitted as well as

Prx_NC + Prx_SC + Prx_NC  Prx_Target Prx_NC + Prx_SC + Prx_NC > Prx_Target

Ptx Total [dBm]

Ptx Target [dBm] + PtxOffset [dB]

Feasible Load Area

Ptx_nc  Ptx_nc  Ptx_target

Ptx_nc = Ptx_total – Ptx_nrt Ptx _ nc  Ptx  Ptx,admitted

Ptx_nc  Ptx_nc  Ptx_target Ptx_nc  Ptx_nc  Ptx_target

RT RAB admitted RT RAB admitted

Case III Case IV

Ptx_nc  Ptx_nc  Ptx_target Ptx_nc  Ptx_nc  Ptx_target

RT RAB admitted (as well as RT RAB denied (NRT RAB permitted)

WCDMA F1 WCDMA F1 WCDMA F1

• SHO  UE connect to more than one cells (active set)

Ec/Io ActiveSetWeightingCoefficient (0)

Ec/Io Strongest CPICH in AS

Ec/Io AS has 3 cells

• Inter-RNC soft Handovers are performed if:

1 HO Triggering Thresholds set in RNC

Event Triggered Coverage/Capacity

RNC commands selected UE(s) to start

Measurements are done in

UE reports GSM cells with

RNC makes HO decision and

WCDM RSSI meas. BSIC verification

1. Low measured absolute 2 . Low measured absolute

3. UE Tx power approaches its

4. is triggered, when one cells reports

5. Quality deterioration report 6 . Others

Frequency Measuring Control for Inter-Frequency = FMCI

UE Tx Power (Event 6A) UL Quality

UE Tx Power (Event 6A\6B) UL Quality

• Upon reception of the measurements

GsmMeasRepInterval or RRC: ”Measurement report”

1.5 sec GSMNcellSearchPeriod : 3 or GSMMaxMeasPeriod : 6 reports or