CHAPTER 7 (c):

Concentration of Acids and Alkalis

 H2O

SOLUTE SOLVENT SOLUTION

Concentration of Acids and
Alkalis
• Concentration of solution is
the quantity of solute, in
moles or grams, in 1 dm3 of
solution

Notes: 1 dm3 = 1000 cm3

DIY 1:
 A student dissolves 50.0 g of anhydrous
copper(II) sulphate in water to make a 250
cm3 of solution.What is the concentration of
the solution in g dm3?
DIY 1(ANSWER):
 A student dissolves 50.0 g of anhydrous
copper(II) sulphate in water to make a 250
cm3 of solution.What is the concentration of
the solution in g dm3?
DIY 2:
 28.0 g of potassium hydroxide is
dissolved in water to make 200 cm3
of solution. Calculate the molarity of
potassium hydroxide solution
obtained. (Ar: H, 1; O, 16; K, 39)
DIY 2 (ANSWER):
 28.0 g of potassium hydroxide is dissolved in
water to make 200 cm3 of solution. Calculate
the molarity of potassium hydroxide solution
obtained. (Ar: H, 1; O, 16; K, 39)
Concentration of Acids and Alkalis
 Molarity is the number of moles of
solute that are present in 1 dm3 of
solution.
DIY 3:
A potassium chloride solution
has a concentration of 14.9 g
dm3. What is the molarity of
this solution? (Ar: Cl, 35.5; K, 39)
DIY 3 (ANSWER):
 A potassium chloride solution has a
concentration of 14.9 g dm3.What is the
molarity of this solution? (Ar: Cl, 35.5; K, 39)
 DIY 4:
 Calculatethe mass of calcium hydroxide
in 50 cm3 of 0.01 mol dm3 calcium
hydroxide solution. (Ar: H, 1; O, 16; Ca, 40)
 DIY 4 (ANSWER):
 Calculatethe mass of calcium hydroxide
in 50 cm3 of 0.01 mol dm3 calcium
hydroxide solution. (Ar: H, 1; O, 16; Ca, 40)
DIY 5:
A0.5 mol dm3 lithium hydroxide solution
contains 6.0 g lithium hydroxide. Calculate
the volume of this solution.
(Ar: H, 1; Li, 7; O, 16)
 DIY 5 (ANSWER):
 A 0.5 mol dm3 lithium hydroxide solution
contains 6.0 g lithium hydroxide. Calculate the
volume of this solution.
(Ar: H, 1; Li, 7; O, 16)
Standard solution
 …. is a solution in which its
concentration is accurately known.

HCl 1.0 mol dm-3 NaOH 0.5 mol dm-3

Standard solution
1. Preparation of standard solution
a) prepared by using a volumetric flask

Calibration mark
Standard solution
1. Preparation of standard solution
a) prepared by using a volumetric flask

- How to prepare NaOH 0.5 mol dm-3 standard solution ?

 How to prepare NaOH 0.5 mol
dm-3 standard solution ?
1. Calculate the mass of NaOH
NaOH
0.5 mol dm-3 = Y mol
100 cm3

Y mol = 0.1 dm3 X 0.5 mol dm-3

= 0.05 mol

Mass of NaOH = 0.05 mol X 40 g mol-1

= 2.0 g
100 cm3
Volumetric Flask
How to prepare NaOH 0.5 mol dm-3
standard solution ?
2) Weigh out 2.0 g of NaOH
3) Fill in one third (1/3) of the volumetric
flask with water
4) Put in the NaOH and swirl the flask
5) Add the water to the calibration mark
and shake the solution
Now we have NaOH 0.5 mol dm-3
STANDARD SOLUTION
Standard solution
1. Preparation of standard solution
b) Preparation of a solution by dilution method
- adding distilled water to a concentrated solution
- changes the concentration of the solution
- does not change the amount of solute

M1V1 = M2V2

where M1 = the molarity of the solution before water is added

V1 = the volume of the solution before water is added
M2 = the molarity of the solution after water is added
V2 = the volume of the solution after water is added
DIY 6:
 What is the volume of 2.0 mol dm3
nitric acid needed to be diluted with
distilled water to make 250 cm3 of 0.5
mol dm3 nitric acid?
DIY 6 (ANSWER):
 What is the volume of 2.0 mol dm3
nitric acid needed to be diluted with
distilled water to make 250 cm3 of 0.5
mol dm3 nitric acid?
 DIY 7 :
 50 cm3 of water is added to 200 cm3 of
a 2 mol dm3 solution of sodium
hydroxide. Determine the molarity of the
diluted solution.
 DIY 7 (ANSWER):
 50 cm3 of water is added to 200 cm3 of
a 2 mol dm3 solution of sodium
hydroxide. Determine the molarity of the
diluted solution.
The pH values and Molarity of
acids and alkalis
Concentration of
hydrogen ions or pH value
the molarity of decreases
acid increases

Concentration of
hydroxide ions or
pH value increases
the molarity of
alkalis increases