ACTIVE AND PASSIVE

MOVEMENTS
Sajida Bibi Noonari
Lecturer
National institute of physiotherapy rehabilitation
and medicine
ACTIVE MOVEMENTS
 Voluntary contraction of muscles.
Four classifications
1- ASSISTED:
Patient uses the muscles surrounding the joint to
perform the exercise but requires some help from
the therapist or equipment.
 Manual

 Mechanical
 TYPES OF ASSISTED MOVEMENTS OR EXERCISE

1. Active assisted:
The pt himself can assist with his opposite extremity
to perform the movement.
2. Passive assisted:
It depends on : manual assisted & mechanical
assisted
Mechanical assistance are: springs, pulleys and
suspension therapy
Active assisted Passive assisted
PRINCIPLE OF ASSISTED MOVEMENT
 Range: assistance provided should be more in
beginning and end range than middle range.
 Command:

 Concentration: patient concentration is necessary

 Speed: if speed increased it shows the passive

movement
 Repetition: to improve muscle power
 USES
 This type of exercise may be used in the early stages of
neuromuscular re-education.
 These types of exercises are helpful in training
coordination.
 Increase the ROM, blood circulation of the joint and increase
strength, endurance and power of the muscle.
 Reduce muscle spasm.

 Stretches the tightened muscle.

2-FREE OR ACTIVE
 Voluntary muscle contraction without any
assistance.

Two types of free exercise

 Localized: perform in one particular joint or one

group of muscles.
 Example: exercise of elbow joint

 General body: multi joints are involved.

 Example: walking & jogging

EXAMPLES OF ACTIVE FREE EXERCISES
3- RESISTED EXERCISE
 Perform exercise against resistance.
2 types of resisted
 Manual:
-therapist
-patient himself
-relatives and friends
-any other medical professionals
 Mechanical:
-water
-weight
-spring and pulleys
EXAMPLES
4 FACTORS FOR INCREASE RESISTANCE

 By altering the leverage:

If the application of resistance near to the joint, the
resistance will be less and if the application of
resistance near to the joint, the resistance will be
more.
 By altering the speed:
Natural speed: less muscle work require
Reduced speed: greater muscle work require to
perform full ROM.
Increased speed: greater muscle work require but
full ROM neglected and inaccurate movement.
4 FACTORS FOR INCREASE RESISTANCE

 By increasing the weight:

To improve the muscle power and strength
 By changing the duration:

To reduce the fatigue. The repeated contraction of

the muscle leads fatigue.
Muscle fatigue
Muscle fatigue is the decline in ability of a muscle
to generate force.
USES:
 increases muscle strength by making your
muscles work against a weight or force.
 Strength of the muscle is directly proportional to
the muscle tension.
 Increase muscle endurance.

 Increase blood flow and muscle power.

REPETITION MAXIMUM
 Maximum amount of weight a person can lift
throughout the ROM exactly 10 times.
PASSIVE MOVEMENT
 Movement, which is performed by therapist or
any external force.
 Relaxed passive movement

 Manual passive

 Mechanical passive

 Passive manual mobilization

 mobilization of joint

 Manipulation of the joint and soft tissues

 Stretching of the soft tissue

RELAXED PASSIVE MOVEMENT
 Smooth, rhythmical and accurate movement
within pain limited range.
Indications
 No active movement

 No full ROM

 Prevent deep vein thrombosis in bed-ridden pt

 To break adhesion

 Unconscious pt

 Edematous limb

 For relaxation
CONTRAINDICATIONS

 Recent fracture or injury

 Recent dislocation or inflammation

 DVT

 Malignant tumour

 Early burn

 Immediately after joint surgery

 Hemarthrosis

 Pt with POP or external appliance

 Psoriatic arthritis
PRINCIPLE

 Relaxation
 Fixation

 Traction

 Range

 Speed and duration

 Sequence:

 Flaccid condition: proximal to distal

 Spastic condition: distal to proximal

EFFECT AND USES
 Prevents DVT
 Improve relaxation

 Increase venous and lymphatic drainage

 Maintain muscle properties

 Increase ROM

 Break the adhesion formation

THANK YOU