Chapter 10 Gas Volumes and Material-Balance CalculationsFig. 10.1—Phase diagram for a dry-gas reservolr fluld (after William D. McCain Jr.'s Properties of Petroleum Fluids, Sec- ond Edition, Copyright Pennwell Books, 1990),10.1.1 Volumetric Dry-Gas Reservoirs. As the name implies, a volumetric reservoir is completely enclosed by low-permeability or completely impermeable barriers and does not receive pressure support from external sources, such as an encroaching aquifer. In addition, if the expansion of rock and the connate water are negligi- ble, then the primary source of pressure maintenance is gas expan- sion resulting from gas production and the subsequent pressure reduction. When we use “‘dry gas,’’ we are referring to a reservoir gas made up primarily of methane with some intermediate-weight hydrocar- bon molecules. The dry-gas-phase diagram} in Fig. 10.1 indicates that, because of this composition, dry gases do not undergo phase changes following a pressure reduction and therefore are solely gases in the reservoir and at the surface separator conditions. In this sense, “dry” does not refer to the absence of water but indicates that no liquid hydrocarbons form in the reservoir, wellbore, or surface equipment during production.