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THE 1st INTERNATIONAL JOINT CONFERENCE INDONESIA-MALAYSIA- BANGLADESH-IRELAND
(IJCIMBI 2015) Banda Aceh, Aceh-Indonesia, April 27th-28th, 2015 Economics │Social Sciences│ Technology
 BACKGROUND

 Landfill Site

 Final waste management method  Open

dumping  Leachate  Cadmium

 Shrimp farm around the landfill site

 Cadmium exposure around the Landfill Site

THE 1st INTERNATIONAL JOINT CONFERENCE INDONESIA-MALAYSIA- BANGLADESH-IRELAND

(IJCIMBI 2015) Banda Aceh, Aceh-Indonesia, April 27th-28th, 2015 Economics │Social Sciences│ Technology
 Objectives
 Objective of research  pond
water and tiger shrimp

 3 ponds in various sizes, 1.066 m2,

2.192 m2, and 2.706 m2.
Distances of ponds are 13 m, 57 m
and 82 m to Terjun Landfill Site.

 Shrimp sampling method:

purposive sampling (150 grams/
pond)

 Collecting of pond water sample

were conducted at 2 points: First,
in the center point of each pond
and, second, in the entry/exit point
of pond to the river.

THE 1st INTERNATIONAL JOINT CONFERENCE INDONESIA-MALAYSIA- BANGLADESH-IRELAND

(IJCIMBI 2015) Banda Aceh, Aceh-Indonesia, April 27th-28th, 2015 Economics │Social Sciences│ Technology
 Methods

1. Descriptive analysis
2. Using structured observation
3. In January-May 2014.
4. The number samples was 230 food and beverages taken from 13
locations consisting of 42 vendors.
5. Analysis of Cd concentration in shrimps and water from shrimp farm
conducted in Laboratory of Balai Teknik Kesehatan Lingkungan –
Pengendalian Penyakit
6. Cadmium were measured with ICP Method, and then the result were
compared to cadmium quality standard in shrimp, based on SNI 7387-
2009 , that has established a Maximum Contaminant Level of 1,0
mg/kg for cadmium.

THE 1st INTERNATIONAL JOINT CONFERENCE INDONESIA-MALAYSIA- BANGLADESH-IRELAND

(IJCIMBI 2015) Banda Aceh, Aceh-Indonesia, April 27th-28th, 2015 Economics │Social Sciences│ Technology
 RESULTS
The Result of Cd Concentrations in Pond Water in shrimp farm around
Terjun Landfill Site, Medan City, 2014
No. Sample Sample Pond Cd Quality Q/NQ*
Locatio distances to Concentratio Standard
n The Landfill n (mg/L)
(m) (mg/L)
1. Pond I 13 0,01381 0,01 NQ
Water II 57 0,01296 0,01 NQ
III 82 0,01289 0,01 NQ

2. River water I 13 0,01474 0,01 NQ

II 57 0,01204 0,01 NQ
III 82 0,01432 0,01 NQ

*Q : Qualified
*NQ : Not Qualified
Based on PP No. 82 Tahun 2001: Water Quality Management and
Water Contamination Control, establised a Maximum
Contaminant Level of 0,01 mg/L for cadmium
THE 1st INTERNATIONAL JOINT CONFERENCE INDONESIA-MALAYSIA- BANGLADESH-IRELAND
(IJCIMBI 2015) Banda Aceh, Aceh-Indonesia, April 27th-28th, 2015 Economics │Social Sciences│ Technology
 The Result of Cd Concentrations in shrimp in shrimp
farming around Terjun Landfill Site, Medan City

Shrimp Pond Distances Cd Quality Q/NQ*

No. from Pond to The Landfill Concentration Standard
Number Site (m) (mg/kg) (mg/kg)
1. I 13 0,13811 1,0 Q
2. II 57 0,12965 1,0 Q
3. III 82 0,12077 1,0 Q

*Q : Qualified
*NQ : Not Qualified
Based on SNI 7387-2009: established a Maximum Contaminant
Level of 1,0 mg/kg for cadmium.

THE 1st INTERNATIONAL JOINT CONFERENCE INDONESIA-MALAYSIA- BANGLADESH-IRELAND

(IJCIMBI 2015) Banda Aceh, Aceh-Indonesia, April 27th-28th, 2015 Economics │Social Sciences│ Technology
 DISCUSSION
Cd Concentrations in Water

The test result showed that, Cd concentartions in river and pond water
were higher than The Governement Quality Standard (PP No. 82 Tahun
2001 about Water Quality Management and Water Contamination
Control, which were establised a Maximum Contaminant Level of 0,01
mg/L for cadmium)

In this case, Cd concentration in river water is higher than Cd

concentration in pond water because the cadmium have accumulated in
the river water, and the river water is more exposed to the cadmium than
the pond water.

According to Clark (1986), Cd entering river water could come from

natural sources such as erosion of mineral rocks. Other source is waste
from the people around the river environment which dispose waste
things to the river, and the water then flowing to the ponds of shrimp
farm.

THE 1st INTERNATIONAL JOINT CONFERENCE INDONESIA-MALAYSIA- BANGLADESH-IRELAND

(IJCIMBI 2015) Banda Aceh, Aceh-Indonesia, April 27th-28th, 2015 Economics │Social Sciences│ Technology
 Cd concentration in Shrimp
 According to the test result Cd concentration in shrimp (Penaeus
monodon) is below the Government Quality Standard of Cadmium,
which is still qualified.

 High levels of cadmium in shrimp because there are heavy metals (Cd)
accumulation in the body of the shrimp. This occurs through a
process of absorption on the surface of the body, by diffusion from
water environment (Conell and Miller, 1995). The highest absorption
occurs during the molting (moulting), because the old cuticle is
removed and the metal absorption occurs directly on the shrimp body
without going through the skin (cuticle), so that the toxicity of metals
become increasing and could cause deaths (Darmono, 2001).
Cd accumulated in shrimp is still within safe range, however the
consumption of shrimp still need to be considered, because although
the heavy metal contained in a small shrimp , there could be
possibility of accumulation of heavy metal and could cause toxic
effect in humans who consume the shrimp in a long time term.

THE 1st INTERNATIONAL JOINT CONFERENCE INDONESIA-MALAYSIA- BANGLADESH-IRELAND

(IJCIMBI 2015) Banda Aceh, Aceh-Indonesia, April 27th-28th, 2015 Economics │Social Sciences│ Technology
 Conclusions
 Cadmium concentration in the river water, adjacent to the pond I is
0.01474 mg / L, pond II is 0.01204 mg / L, and pond III is 0.01432 mg /
L. Cd concentration in the first pond water is 0.01381 mg / L, pond II is
0.01296 mg / L, and pond III is 0.01289 mg / L, which was exceeded
the quality standards set by PP No 82 Tahun 2001 about the
Management of Water Quality and Water Pollution Control, which is
above 0.01 mg / L

 Distance between Pond I, II, III to the Terjun Landfill is, 13 m, 57 m,

and 82 m. While the area coverage of pond I, II, and III is 2192 m², 2706
m² and 1066 m².

 Cadmium concentration in shrimp of pond I, II and III is, 0.13811 mg /

kg, 0.12965 mg / kg, 0.12077 mg / kg. Based on the ISO 7387-2009
about the maximum limit of heavy metal contamination in food for
cadmium in shrimp is below 1.0 mg / kg.

THE 1st INTERNATIONAL JOINT CONFERENCE INDONESIA-MALAYSIA- BANGLADESH-IRELAND

(IJCIMBI 2015) Banda Aceh, Aceh-Indonesia, April 27th-28th, 2015 Economics │Social Sciences│ Technology
 Recommendations
 As input for the Government of Medan to improve the
existing sewage treatment system with a sanitary landfill
waste treatment method that so it does not have a negative
impact on society and the environment around the landfill.

 The farm manager should check the source of water that will
be used as pond water, so it can minimize the risk of heavy
metal exposure in shrimp, and maintain the cleanliness of
the pond water by making water circulation. If necessary the
displacement of shrimp pond location to a safer place
because the source of pond water had been contaminated
cadmium.

THE 1st INTERNATIONAL JOINT CONFERENCE INDONESIA-MALAYSIA- BANGLADESH-IRELAND

(IJCIMBI 2015) Banda Aceh, Aceh-Indonesia, April 27th-28th, 2015 Economics │Social Sciences│ Technology
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