Region Austral (South Africa)

The Southern African Development

Community, Maghreb (Maghreb) North of
Africa, West Africa (ECOWAS)
Southern African Development Community (SADC)
 Southern African Development Comunity
The Southern African Development Community (SADC) is located in the area South of the African
Continent with more than 190 million inhabitants, approximately 90% of blacks, 5% of whites, 3%
of Asians and 2% of mixed races; with the use official of four European languages: English,
Portuguese, Dutch (Afrikaans) and French, plus a variety of local vernacular languages and where
history is interspersed, economy and politics.
 History
The Southern African Development Community (SADC) is a regional group of 15 Member States
founded in 1980, at a conference of heads of state and of several African countries in Arusha,
Tanzania. The current treaty was signed on August 17, 1992.
Headquartered in Gaborone, Botswana.
 History
SADCC was officially formed
Meeting of Foreign Ministries of on 1st April, 1980 comprising
the Frontline States in of all the majority ruled states
Gaborone, Botswana. of Southern Africa
The Summit of Heads of State or Government, in Blantyre, Malawi, the SADC
meeting in Harare, Zimbabwe, decided that SADCC Heads of State and Government
should be formalised to “give it an appropriate legal signed an Agreement Amending
status … to replace the Memorandum of the 1992 SADC Treaty to
Understanding with an Agreement, Charter or establish the Regional Indicative
Treaty.” Strategic Development Plan.

1977 1979 1980 1981 1989 1992 2001

That meeting was The SADCC was subsequently
subsequently convened in formalised by means of a
Arusha, Tanzania, in July. Memorandum of Understanding
on the Institutions of the
Southern African Development
Coordination Conference dated
20th July
On August 17 1992, at a Summit held in
Windhoek, Namibia, the Heads of State and
Government signed the SADC Declaration and
Treaty that effectively transformed the Southern
African Development Coordination Conference
(SADCC) into the Southern African Development
Community (SADC).
 Objectives of SADC
The main objectives of Southern African Development Community (SADC) are to achieve
economic development, peace and security, and growth, alleviate poverty, enhance the standard
and quality of life of the peoples of Southern Africa, and support the socially disadvantaged
through Regional Integration. These objectives are to be achieved through increased Regional
Integration, built on democratic principles, and equitable and sustainable development.
 SADC Organizational Structure
The revised SADC Organizational Structure of SADC was approved in 2008. In this structure
Directorates and Units of SADC are organized into three major groups, each under the
responsibility of a member of the SADC Executive.
SADC Secretariat
Executive Secretary

DES DES Senior Officer Senior Officer Director Director Senior Programme
Regional Integration Corporate Affairs Comunication Legal International Organ Officer Gender
And PR Audit and Risk
Management
West Africa (ECOWAS)
 Economic Community of West African States
Is a regional economic union of fifteen countries located in West Africa. Established on May 28
1975 via the treaty of Lagos, ECOWAS is a 15-member regional group with a mandate of
promoting economic integration in all fields of activity of the constituting countries. Was set up to
foster the ideal of collective self-sufficiency for its member states. As a trading union, it is also
meant to create a single, large trading bloc through economic cooperation.
 History
ECOWAS is meant to foster interstate economic and political cooperation. History is on its side in
this regard. Dating back to pre-colonial times, West Africans have been among the world’s most
mobile populations although much of the migration had been intra-regional. About 7.5 million West
African migrants (3 percent of the regional population) are living in ECOWAS countries other than
their own.
 History
Creation of CFA franc that Agreement signed in 1965 by
brought the francophone the four states of Cote d’Ivore,
countries of the region into a Guinea, Liberia and Sierra emergence of the treaty of
single currency union Leone. Lagos which birthed ECOWAS

1945 1964 1965 1972 1975

Liberian president William Proposal for a union of West
Tubman proposed an African States emerged
economic union for West Africa
 Objectives of ECOWAS
Is the creation of a borderless region where the population has access to its abundant resources
and is able to exploit same through the creation of opportunities under a sustainable environment.
ECOWAS is meant to be a region governed in accordance with the principles of democracy, rule of
law and good governance.
 ECOWAS Organizational Structure
Authority of Yheads of State & Government

Council of Ministers Executive Tribunal of the Specialized

Secretariat Community Commissions

Transport, Communications & Social & Cultural

Defense Council
Energy Comission Affairs Commission

Defense Commision Industry, Agriculture & Natural

Resources Comission

Administration & Finance Trade, Customs, Inmigration,

Comission Money, & Payments Comission
Maghreb
 Maghreb
The Maghreb describes a portion of Africa's northern region that covers roughly 2,316,613 square
miles and is home to more than 100 million people. Historical evidence indicates that in the past,
the region was previously referred to as the Barbary States because members of the Berber
community primarily inhabited the region. During this period, the inhabitants of the area were
referred to as Moors. In the modern era, five nations are situated within the Maghreb region.
 History
The Arabs reached the Maghreb in early Umayyad times. Islamic Berber kingdoms like the
Almohads expansion and the spread of Islam contributed to the development of trans-Saharan
trade. While restricted due to the cost and dangers, the trade was highly profitable. Commodities
traded included such goods as salt, gold, ivory, and slaves. Arab control over the Maghreb was
quite weak. Various Islamic variations, such as the Ibadis and the Shia, were adopted by some
Berbers, often leading to scorning of Caliphal control in favour of their own interpretation of Islam.
 Objectives of AMU
The harmonization of economic policies of the five Member States and forming a Maghreb common
market.

1. Strengthen the ties of brotherhood which link the member States and their
peoples to one another;
2. Achieving progress and prosperity of their societies and defending their
rights;
3. Contributing to the preservation of peace based on justice and equity;
4. Pursuing a common policy in different domains
5. Working gradually towards achieving free movement of persons and transfer
of services, goods and capital among them.
 It’s time to revive the Maghreb Union
The UMA was founded on February 17, 1989, when the founding treaty of the Arab Maghreb Union was
signed by the Five Heads of State in Marrakech.

The Marrakech Summit was preceded by the meeting held by the Five Maghreb Heads of State in
Zeralda (Algeria) on June 10, 1988, during which it was decided to set up a Main Committee to define
ways and means. allowing the realization of a Union between the Five States of the Arab Maghreb. The
work of this major Commission subsequently constituted the WBU's Short and Medium-Term Work
Program.
Economists have called the Arab Maghreb Union “the world’s worst-performing trade bloc”, but that’s
rather due to a lack of political will, than a lack of potential. In fact, regional leaders should consider the
Maghreb Union a missed economic opportunity of historical proportions.
 Why a Maghreb Union?
Subsequently, six Summits were held respectively at:
1. Tunis 21-23 January 1990
2. Algiers July 21-23, 1990
3. Ras Lanouf (Libya) March 10-11, 1991
4. Casablanca (Morocco) on 15-16 September 1991
5. Nouakchoutt 10-11 November 1992
6. Tunis 2-3 April 1994.
 The principal structures and institutions of AMU are:
The Presidency Council,
The Consultative Council,
The Secretariat,
The Monitoring Committee,
The Meeting of the Prime Ministers,
The Council of Foreign Ministers,
The Ministerial specialized Commissions,
The Judicial Organ,
The University of Maghreb, and
The Maghreb Bank for Investment and Foreign Trade
 AMU - Macroeconomic Policy Convergence
The overall objective of AMU is to establish a Maghreb Economic Union; however, the financial
and macroeconomic convergence is not articulated in the Treaty nor the creation of a single
currency. By contrast, the parallel initiative of the Greater Arab Free Trade Area binds member
States to coordinate financial and monetary policies with the aim of achieving monetary unity.