THEORY OF ARCHITECTURE

a short lecture by Ar. Marnie B. Gutib, uap,rmp

 DEFINITIONS OF ARCHITECTURE

• FUNCTIONAL
• AESTHETIC
• PSYCHOLOGICAL
• ARCHITECTURE AS A DISCIPLINE
 ARCHITECTURE:
FUNCTIONAL
FUNCTIONAL
FUNCTIONAL
 ARCHITECTURE:
AESTHETIC
• ELEMENTS OF AESTHETIC
• MASS & SPACE
• PROPORTION
• SYMMETRY
• BALANCE
• CONTRAST
• DECORATION
• MASSING
ARCHITECTURE:
AESTHETIC
 ARCHITECTURE:
PSYCHOLOGICAL
 ARCHITECTURE:
PSYCHOLOGICAL
 ARCHITECTURE:
AS DISCIPLINE
 THREE COMPONENTS OF ARCHITECTURE

• SIZE AND SHAPE

• TREATMENT
• ORIENTATION
 THREE COMPONENTS OF ARCHITECTURE:
1. SIZE AND SHAPE
• IS SELF EVIDENT, CONSISTING OF AN INFINITE
VARIETY OF DIFFERENT SIZES OF MASSES OR
VOLUMES.
THREE COMPONENTS OF ARCHITECTURE:
1. SIZE AND SHAPE
 THREE COMPONENTS OF ARCHITECTURE:
1. TREATMENT
• PATTERN, TEXTURE, COLOR, LIGHT,
ILLUMINATION, CONTRAST, OPACITY
THREE COMPONENTS OF ARCHITECTURE:
1. TREATMENT
SPECTRUM APARTMENTS BY KUD
 THREE COMPONENTS OF ARCHITECTURE:
1. ORIENTATION
• LOCATION
• RELATIONSHIP OF A BUILDING TO ITS NEIGHBORS
• RELATIONSHIP OF BUILDING TO SKY
• RELATIONSHIP OF BUILDING TO GROUND
• HORIZONTAL VS. VERTICAL
• ORTHOGONAL VS. DIAGONAL
• EXPOSURE: NORTH SOUTH EAST WEST
THREE COMPONENTS OF ARCHITECTURE:
1. ORIENTATION

THE INTERLACE BY OMA & OLE SCHEEREN

 THREE TYPES OF SPACE

• PLACE - SPACES
• PATH - SPACES
• TRANSITION - SPACES
 THREE TYPES OF SPACE
1. PLACE - SPACE
• MAJOR SPACES THAT PORTRAY A SENSE OF
DEFINITE LOCATION OR POSITION
 THREE TYPES OF SPACE
2. PATH - SPACE
• MAJOR TRANSITION SPACES WHICH ARE
DIRECTIONAL SUCH AS CORRIDOR, CONNECTOR,
PASSAGEWAY.
 THREE TYPES OF SPACE
2. TRANSITION - SPACES
• MINOR SPACE WHICH PROCESS A CHANGE
FORM ONE CONDITION TO ANOTHER
• JOINT SPACES
• CAN DEFINE A PAUSE BETWEEN SPACES
• CAN ACT AS A SEPARATOR SPACE
 INTRODUCING THE VARIOUS FUNCTIONAL
ASPECTS OF ARCHITECTURE
• SITE
• STRUCTURE
• SKIN
• CIRCULATION
• SERVICES
 GESTALT THEORY

• “THE WHOLE IS GREATER THAN THE SUM OF ITS

PARTS”
GESTALT THEORY
 ELEMENTS OF ARCHITECTURE

•POINT
• CIRCLE
• CYLINDER
• SPHERE
•LINE
•PLANE
•VOLUME
 ELEMENTS OF ARCHITECTURE: POINT

•MARKS A POSITION IN SPACE

•STATIC, CENTRALIZED AND DIRECTIONLESS
•IT SERVES TO MARK
ELEMENTS OF ARCHITECTURE: POINT
ELEMENTS OF ARCHITECTURE: POINT  CIRCLE
ELEMENTS OF ARCHITECTURE: POINT  CYLINDER
ELEMENTS OF ARCHITECTURE: POINT  SPHERE
 ELEMENTS OF ARCHITECTURE: LINE

•A POINT EXTENDED
•A LINE IS CRITICAL ELEMENT IN THE
FORMATION OF ANY VISUAL
CONSTRUCTION
ELEMENTS OF ARCHITECTURE: LINE
It can serve to:
ELEMENTS OF ARCHITECTURE: LINE
It can serve to:
ELEMENTS OF ARCHITECTURE: LINE
It can serve to:
ELEMENTS OF ARCHITECTURE: LINE
It can serve to:
INFINITY CHAPEL, BALI INDONESIA
ELEMENTS OF ARCHITECTURE: LINE
It can serve to:
 ELEMENTS OF ARCHITECTURE: LINE

•THE ORIENTATION OF A LINE AFFECTS ITS ROLE

IN A VISUAL CONSTRUCTION
•A VERTICAL LINE CAN EXPRESS A STATE OF
EQUILIBRIUM
•A HORIZONTAL LINE CAN REPRESENT STABILITY
•AN OBLIQUE LINE MAY BE SEEN AS A VERTICAL
LINE FALLING OR A HORIZONTAL LINE RISING.
ELEMENTS OF ARCHITECTURE: LINE
ELEMENTS OF ARCHITECTURE: LINE
ELEMENTS OF ARCHITECTURE: LINE
ELEMENTS OF ARCHITECTURE: LINE
ELEMENTS OF ARCHITECTURE: LINE
ELEMENTS OF ARCHITECTURE: PLANE
 ELEMENTS OF ARCHITECTURE: PLANE

•PLANES IN ARCHITECTURE DEFINE THREE-

DIMENSIONAL VOLUMES
•THREE GENERIC TYPES OF PLANES:
• OVERHEAD PLANE
• WALL PLANE
• BASE PLANE
 ELEMENTS OF ARCHITECTURE:
GENERIC TYPES OF PLANES
•OVERHEAD PLANE
 ELEMENTS OF ARCHITECTURE:
GENERIC TYPES OF PLANES
•WALL PLANE
 ELEMENTS OF ARCHITECTURE:
GENERIC TYPES OF PLANES
•BASE PLANE
 ELEMENTS OF ARCHITECTURE:
GENERIC TYPES OF PLANES
• THE GROUND PLANE ULTIMATELY SUPPORTS ALL
ARCHITECTURAL CONSTRUCTION.
• IT CAN BE MANIPULATED TO ESTABLISH A PODIUM FOR A
BUILDING FORM.
• IT CAN BE ELEVATED TO HONOR A SACRED OR SIGNIFICANT
PLACE
• BERMED TO DEFINE OUTDOOR SPACES
• BUFFER AGAINST UNDESIRABLE CONDITIONS
• CARVED OR TERRACED TO PROVIDE A SUITABLE PLATFORM ON WHICH TO
BUILD
• STEPPED TO ALLOW CHANGES IN ELEVATION TO BE EASILY TRAVERSED
 ELEMENTS OF ARCHITECTURE:
GENERIC TYPES OF PLANES
 ELEMENTS OF ARCHITECTURE:
GENERIC TYPES OF PLANES
 ELEMENTS OF ARCHITECTURE:
GENERIC TYPES OF PLANES
 ELEMENTS OF ARCHITECTURE:
GENERIC TYPES OF PLANES
 ELEMENTS OF ARCHITECTURE: VOLUME

•A PLANE EXTENDED IN A DIRECTION OTHER

THAN ITS INTRINSIC DIRECTION BECOMES A
VOLUME
•A VOLUME HAS THREE DIMENSIONS:
LENGTH, WIDTH AND DEPTH
ELEMENTS OF ARCHITECTURE: VOLUME
ELEMENTS OF ARCHITECTURE: VOLUME
FAMOUS ARCHITECTS AND DICTUMS
LUDWIG MIES VAN DE ROHE
CHARLES-ÉDOUARD JEANNERET
aka LE CORBUSIER
JEAN NOUVEL
NORMAN FOSTER
RICHARD ROGERS
LUIS BARRAGAN
GLENN MURCUTT
Tjibaou Cultural Centre
RENZO PIANO
LOUIS KHAN
TADAO ANDO
I M PEI
EERO SAARINEN
RICHARD NUETRA
THANK YOU AND GOD BLESS
FUTURE ARCHITECTS!!!