SEMINAR TITLE:

NANOTECHNOLOGY
 INTRODUCTION
• What is nanotechnology?
• A basic definition: Nanotechnology is the engineering of functional system
at the molecular scale.
• In other words Nanotechnology is the study, process, and manipulation of
matrial level i.e. one of its dimension should lie in the range of 1 to 100
nm.
 HISTORY
• The first ever concept was presented in 1959 by the famous professor of
physics Dr. Richard P. Feynman.
• Invention of the scanning tunneling microscope in 1981 and the discovery
fullerene in 1985 lead to the emergence of the nanotechnology.
• The term “Nano-technology” had been coined by Norio Taniguchi in 1974.
• Father of nanotechnology in india “Prof. C.N.Rao”
 Nanotech in various Industries
• Food Industry
• Agriculture Industry
• Oil and Gas Industry
• Consumer Good Industry
• Aerospace Industry
• Chemical Industry
• Construction Industry
• Nanotech in Biotech
• Nanocomposites
• Electronics Industry
 ADVANTAGES
• Nanotechnology can actually revolutionize a lot of electronic products,
procedures, and applications.
• Benefit the energy sector.
• Benefit the manufacturing sector.
• In medical world.
• Less pollution.
• Low production cost.
 Nanotechnology for cars
• The basic trends:
• Lighter but stronger material.
• Improved engine efficiency and fuel consumption for gasoline-powered
cars
• Reduce environmental impact from hydrogen and fuel cell-powered cars .
• Better economies.
Improving car radiator performance by
using TiO2-water nanofluid
 INTRODUCTION

• To improve the thermal efficiency of a number of processes with mixed

success until the recent emergence of a promising new class of nano-
coolants with a liquid component such as water mixed with nanoparticles
started to make their way into a myriad of engineering applications.
• Although they are expected to provide substitutes of conventional coolants
in the near future, a number of improvements are still to be made.
• Attempts are still being made on one hand to reduce the equipment’s size
and increase the thermal exchange surface by using fins, and on the other
hand to increase the thermal conductivity of fluid exchangers.
Improvements in nanotechnology have enhanced our abilities to synthesize
nano-scale materials, such as different types of nanoparticles including
non-metallic, carbonbased and metallic ones, which have started to be used
in conventional fluids such as water, ethylene glycol and oil, creating a new
class of fluids called nanofluids .
 APPLICATIONS
• For conventional coolants in car radiators, an important component of the car
engine.
• Radiators serve as heat-exchangers for cooling the car engine conventionally
using water as exchange medium.
• Vehicle engine’s thermal performance under the effect of nanofluidhas been
studied by many researchers, and the major applications of nanofluids have
been as coolers and lubricants in car radiators in an attempt to increase the heat
removal efficiency.
• Results have shown that heat transfer coefficient can be improved by more than
50% as compared to the conventional coolants but it is limited by the drop on
liquid’s pressure. However, may experts agree that an optimum performance
can be achieved at low nanoparticle volume fraction of less than 1% (u < 1%)
• In the current study, application of TiO2-water nanofluid as a car radiator
cooler was investigated by measuring its viscosity and thermal conductivity.
• In addition, other variables such as flow rates of liquid and air, various
nanoparticle concentrations and liquid inlet temperatures were studied to have a
better picture of its cooling efficiency on the radiator.
Nanofluid density is calculated as :

Viscosity Calculation:
 2.2. Stability of nanofluid

• In order to prevent nanofluid sedimentation First, TiO2 particle size

was decreased to nanoscale by using high energy impacted ball
milling (Spex-8000) followed by addition of Triton X-100.
• In addition, the nano-TiO2 obtained from the above procedures was
dissolved in water by using ultrasonication.
• Given the huge density differences between metallic oxide
nanoparticles and deionized water, two methods have been proposed
to prevent sedimentation and uniformly distribute nanoparticles in
nanofluids; the first one involves changing nanofluids pH and the
other using surfactants.
• Nanofluid was prepared by using 0.1 to 0.5% surfactant, the last one
giving a minimal agglomeration. In addition, particle structure is an
important determinant of nanofluid stability.
 Conclusion

• In the current study, usage of TiO2-water nanofluid’s as a cooler in car

engine radiator was studied. Based on the experimental results, TiO2-water
nanofluid offers a better overall performance than base fluid.
• The overall heat transfer coefficient of TiO2 nanofluids in an automobile
radiator was experimentally measured as a function of concentration and
temperature. It was found that the presence of TiO2 nanoparticle can
significantly enhance radiator’s heat transfer rate in a manner dependent on
nanoparticle quantity added to the base fluid.
• Heat transfer coefficient significantly improves for 0.2% nanoparticle
concentration as compared to pure water.
• This is due to the fact that TiO2’s greater thermal conductivity, aspect ratio,
lower specific gravity, thermal resistance and larger specific area as
compared to pure water.
 References

• [1] S.U. Choi, J.A. Eastman, Enhancing Thermal Conductivity of

Fluids with Nanoparticles, Argonne National Lab, IL (United
States), 1995.
• [2] M. Leena, S. Srinivasan, Synthesis and ultrasonic investigations
of titanium oxide nanofluids, J. Mol. Liq. 206 (2015) 103–109.
• [3] L. Yang, Y. Hu, Toward TiO2 nanofluids—part 1: preparation
and properties,Nanoscale Res. Lett. 12 (1) (2017) 417.
THANK YOU