Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
BY
GOPINATH K
SCHOOL OF MECHANICAL
:METROPOLITAN TRANSPORT
Title of the Inplant training CORPORATION (CHENNAI) LTD.,
1.ENGINE SECTION,
2.FUEL SECTION,
3.FRONT AXLE SECTION,
4.BREAK SECTION,
5.GEAR SECTION,
6.JOINT SECTION.
1.ENGINE SECTION
Fuel : DIESEL
1.1Introduction:
The function and construction of every part are going to study here
1. Cylinder block
2. Cylinder head
3. Crank case
4. Piston
5. Piston ring
6. Piston pin
7. Connecting rod
8. Crank shaft
9. Flywheel
10. Rocker arm
11. Turbo charger
12. Alternator
13. Air Compressor
FIG.1. CRANK CASE
which it helps to convert the chemical energy obtained by themechanical energy without leaving
any air fuel mixture or residual gasses.
1.9 Flywheel:
It is the heaviest component in the vehicle it is attached to the one end of the crankshaft. The
power obtained from the each stroke is not equal to equalize the power the flywheel is used.
Flywheel is the energy storing device which stores the power during power stroke and supplies
the power during the other three stokes to continue the cycle.
1.13 Alternator:
It is the power source for theelectrical system when the coil is rotates in
the field coil the minimum power is required to make it magnetize when the rotor is rotate the
emf is produced in the stator coil that is taken out and given to the battery and some other wiring
works
which is rotates also reciprocates by this reciprocation process piston compresses the fuel and
rotating controls the timing (injection order )by rotating the plunger the responsible for
distribute the fuel to respective cylinder.
2.5 Components:
Relief valve: It is the responsible for sent out the excess fuel from injector
to the tank.
Solenoid switch: This is act as a normal switch when the ignition switch
gets on the solenoidal gets magnetized by current induced controlled by the
ECU(electronic control unit ) then the valve gets open then the injection
starts.
Footthe holder.it is the also act as a sensor gives the volts with respect to is
pedal:
push by the driver.
FIG.4. OVER VIEW OF AIR BRAKING SYSTEM
FIG.5.TIMING SENSOR
FIG.6.SOLENOID SWITCH
Hear the major problem comes from the king pin, bush,and bearing.
3.4 Description:
In this system the grease should supplied continually to king pin and bush.
When we push the brake pedal the pressurized air sent to the air chamber by the linkages
the brake drum gets expended then the vehicle gets stop.
In the steering system drop arm from the steering box is connected to the P&P rod (push
and pull rod) further it transmit the power to the stub axle at stream 1.
In parallel to the axle beam tie rod is installed to transmit the steering motion connected
to the stream 2 and stream 3on the stub axle.
Load from the chassis drawn to the leaf spring end is connected I beam and fitted by I
bolt in two side. Hub is the intermediate component between stub axle and brake drum. This hub is
FIG.8. OVER VIEW OF FRONT AXLE
4. BRAKE SYSTEM:
4.1 Introduction:
Stoppingof the vehicle is as necessary its starting. Once the vehicle is started, it must stop
somewhere. Brakes are applied on the wheels to stop the vehicle.Before
Applying the brakes, the acceleration is released to stop the fuel supply, thus the engine
develops no more power to run the vehicle and then the brakes are applied which stop the
rolling of the wheel on the road and hence the vehicle is stopped.
4.4 Components:
Air compressor
DD unit
Reservoir
Foot pedal
Brake chambers
Slack adjuster
FIG.11.AIR RESERVIOR
FIG.12. DD Unit
4.5 Description:
Brake system is gets the power from the engine the required air is supplied to the DD unit
by the help of air compressor.
The compressed air is send to the DD unit which is responsible to separate the moisture
from the air and hold on the reservoirs one for front wheel and second one for rear wheel.
When driver pushes the foot pedal air is push piston towards the outside by the yoke
connected to the slap adjuster twisted the S cam having teethed.
On the other end a shaft like S shape when it tilled and brake shoe expands hits the brake
drum then the wheel gets stop.
5. GEAR BOX:
5.1 Introduction:
Next to the clutch is the transmission in the transmission system of a motor vehicle. The word
“transmission” is used for a device that is located between the clutch and propeller shaft. It may
be a gear box, a torque convertor, fluid drive. The modern cars use helical gears and
synchromesh devices in the gear boxes, that synchronize the rotation of gears that are about to be
meshed. This eliminates clashing of gears and make gear shifting easies. The synchromesh gear
box is similar to the constant mesh gear box, but the synchromesh gear box is provided with a
synchromesh device by which two gears to be engaged are first brought into frictional contact
which equalizes their speed after which they are fitted only on the top gears.
This synchronous gear box contains three shaftsthey are clutch shaft from the engine
where power to be controlled.
Counter shaft (lay shaft) gets the power from the clutch shaft and provide this to the
different no of teeth gear and main shaft contains rings, cone, gear with different size.
Here the dog clutch is holds having the crown connected to the main shaft by inner
teethed. While changing the gear dog clutch moves to the respective gear and connect
By this the gears are changed with respect to the requirement of driver.
that gear’s ring to the main shaft ring.
For the reverse gear an additional spur gear is attached to change the direction.
5.3 GEAR RATIO: 1 - 7.21:1
2 - 4.22:1
3 - 2.44:1
4 - 1.52:1
5 - 1:1
6 - 8.05:1
6.1 Introduction:
6.JOINT SECTION:
Next to the gear box in the transmission system is the propeller shaft. It is connected
between the gear box and the differential with universal joint at each end.
Propeller shaft is a driving shaft that connected the transmission to the differential. The
output shaft called main shaft from the transmission and pinion shaft is extended up to
differential unit connected to the propeller shaft and universal joint. A sliding joint also
used to the suspension system.
Commonly we are using cross type or spider and two yoke type.
FIG.13.UNIVERSAL JOINTS
THANK
OU!