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INDERA B
The Special Senses
BAMBANG SOEMANTRI
The Five Special Senses:
• Located mostly on
papillae of tongue
• Bipolar neurons
• Collectively constitute
cranial nerve I
• Very complicated
•
Anosmia: absence of the sense of smell
– Trauma
– Colds or allergies producing excessive mucus
– Polyps causing blockage
– 1/3 are from zinc deficiency
25
Vision
Overview of the Eye
• Eye acts much like a camera
– Lens of eye adjusts to bring object into focus
– Pupil of eye constricts to allow less light to enter
in bright setting or dilates to allow more light to
enter in darker setting
– Through bending of light rays, image reaches
retina
• Sensitive nerve cell layer of eye
• Image is transmitted to brain for interpretation
Surface Anatomy of the Eye
• Conjunctivitis (“pinkeye”):
inflammation of the conjunctival
sac
The Lacrimal Apparatus
• Lacrimal Apparatus:
– lacrimal gland
– lacrimal sac
– nasolacrimal duct
Figure 17–4b
Internal Anatomy of the Eye
Figure 17–4c
Autonomic Regulation of the Iris
Pupil Pupil
Constricts Dilates
The Two Layers of the Retina
• Outer pigmented layer has a
single layer of pigmented cells,
attached to the choroid tunic,
which absorbs light to prevent
light scattering inside
Light
Opthalmoscope Image of the Retina
HEARING
HEARING &
BALANCE
ONLY
Hearing
Figure 8.14