Basic Drafting

Tools, Materials
and Equipment
 Compass
• Used to draw circles
and arcs
 Divider
• Used to transfer
dimensions
 T Square
• A t-square is one of the
most basic drafting tools
• The primary purpose of the
t-square is to create
horizontal parallel lines
• T-squares are typically
wood with clear plastic
edges, but they can be
made of metal for cutting
 Pens
• Technical pens are used for ink
drawings and come in a range of sizes
• Pens must be cleaned and maintained
after each use
 Drafting Tape
• A specially-prepared
tape used to adhere
drawing media to
the working surface
Dusting Brush
• Used to brush loose
graphite and eraser
dust from a drawing
 Eraser
• Used to remove
pencil lines and
graphite smudges
from a drawing
Erasing Shield
• A metal plate with
various slots and
openings used to
protect line work
when a portion of
the drawing is to be
erased
 French Curve
• French curves are a template that
can create curves of varying radii
• Hyperbolas, parabola, eilipses and
other shapes are created using
French curves (although they take
some skill to master)
• Digital drafting has replaced
French curve use, although most
students are still expected to
understand how to manipulate
French curves
 Lettering Guide
• Used to lay out guidelines for
lettering
• Letting Guides can help you
keep letters the same height
and templates can help you
shape letters
• (Although commonly called a
stencil, the stencil is actually
the part cut out, and the
plastic remaining is known as
the template)
• Lettering Guides can help you keep
letters the same height and templates can
help you shape letters
• (Although commonly called a stencil, the
stencil is actually the part cut out, and
the plastic remaining is known as the
template)
Mechanical Pencil
(Lead Holder)
• Used to hold leads
of various hardness's
 Protractor
• Used to measure
angles
• High quality
protractor is usually
made of plastic.
 Lead Pencil/Mechanical
Pencils
• Lead widths run from 0.03mm to
0.07mm
• Not as much control as the lead holder
• Pencil leads run from 9B (the softest
lead) to 9H (the hardest lead)
• 9B, 7B, 6B, 5B, 4B, 3B, 2B, B, HB,
F, H, 2H, 3H, 4H, 5H, 6H, 7H, 8H, 9H
• Hard leads make very light lines, last a long
time, and also groove your vellum (9H are
41.5% graphite, 53.5% clay and 5% wax)
• Soft leads make very dark lines, don’t last
as long, and are harder to erase (9B are
90.5% graphite, 4.5% clay and 5% wax)
• Standard pencils are #2 (HB), which makes
them dark, but also able to be erased
completely
 Pencils
Hard pencils (6H)– are used for
construction/guide lines.
These lines should be LIGHT
and easily erased.
Medium pencils (H)– are used
for general purpose work in
drawing, anything you want to
be permanent. These line are
The end of the pencil not easily erased and should
tells you what kind of only be used once established
lead it is. guide lines are down.
 Scale
• Used to measure
the length of a line
 Template
• A thin, flat, plastic
tool with various
size openings of
different shapes
used to expedite
the drawing of
standard features
 Templates
• Templates are used for
common shapes in design and
can be found to represent
circles, ellipses, squares, etc.
• Templates can also have
specialized shapes such as
toilets, dryers, beds, etc.
• Templates are typically done
in plan view.
Templates
Fixtures Template
• Templates indicate
the scale in which
they are intended
to be used
 Triangle
• A thin, flat, right-
angled piece of
plastic or metal
with acute angles of
45, or 30 and 60
used for drawing
vertical or inclined
lines that are
multiples of 15
 Drawing Paper
• Various types of drawing
papers are available for
use but hard and soft
surface drawing papers
are highly recommended
to be used. This type does
not groove easily when
pressure is applied to the
pencil. Oslo paper is
commonly used but bond
paper is also
recommended.
Drawing Table
 Rules for Maintenance and
Care of Drafting Tools &
Equipment
• Keep hands and • Do not hit scales and
equipment clean triangles on edges
• Keep all instruments • Do not overextend
clean and dry compasses and dividers
• Do no bend templates • Clean plastic tools with
sharply soap and water only
• Do not use templates or • Do not stick compasses
scales as straight edges and divider points into
for cutting tools scales and triangles
• Do not use templates as • Never sharpen leads
eraser shields over drawing or table
surface
 Activity
• Teacher will distribute to
each group three pictures of
drafting tools.
• Each group will make a
picture map using the
picture of drafting tools
given.
• Ask them to write the names of
the drafting tools as well as its
functions, and importance. They
may use keywords.
• Write your answers on a manila
paper.
• After 10 minutes, each group will
present their output in front of the
class.
•What do you think
people usually do in
maintaining their
drawing tools?
• Why are drafting tools
important? What do you
think will happen if
people do not use
drawing/drafting tools?
• As a student, how
important are
drafting tools to
you?
•How will you take
care of your
drafting/drawing
tools?
•Summarize the lesson into
one sentence that
incorporates all of who/
what/when /where/ why/
how questions creatively.
 OBJECTIVES:
• Identify drawing tools, materials, and
equipment.
• Demonstrate the proper uses of drafting
tools.
• Cite the importance of understanding
drafting tools and materials.
• Describe the advantages of understanding
drafting tools and materials.
 Assignment #2
1. What are the different architectural
symbols and electrical terms?
2. Give the different job requirements
in architecture?
3. Look for the meaning of the following
terms:
- working drawing - plan
- SOP - Blueprint
 CLARIFICATIONS FOR THE
MATERIALS:
• 2 pcs illustration board
- Must be designed with group color ..
• 2 pcs clipboard
• Drawing pencils –