Safety @ Construction

Site
SAFETY PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT
 Assignment of responsibility
 Hazard identification and control
 Training and communication
 Documentation and enforcement of safety rules
SAFETY PROGRAM
 Maintenance of safe working conditions
 Setting performance goals
 Rewarding safety performance
 Reviewing circumstances involved in incidents
 Taking appropriate correction actions
PERSONAL SAFETY
EQUIPMENTS
BENEFITS OF A SAFETY PROGRAM
 Reduced workers’ compensation claims
 Reduced expenses related to injuries and
illnesses
 Reduced absenteeism
 Lower employee complaints
 Improved employee morale and satisfaction
 Increased productivity
 Reduction of hidden cost
 Reduced insurance cost
HIDDEN COST
 Workers Compensation Cost
 Replacement and training cost for new or substitute
employee
 Poor Quality
 Penalties for non-compliance
Safety Management:
Safety is one of the vital issues in the success of the project .
Safety programme ensures the worker to be mentally and
physically prepared to execute a job quickly ,fearlessly and
efficiently . Safety is a way of life . It must be part of every
individual at every time during performance of any activity .
PLANNING A PROJECT
 Develop goals and objectives
 Define project team
 Project manager
 Site Supervisor
 Site Safety
 Other Programs
ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES
Supervisors/Management
 Establish safe work practices
 Enforce safety rules and regulations
 Train employees how to avoid hazards
 Enforce reporting work-related injuries, illnesses, and near
misses
 Investigate causes of incidents or near misses
 Take the appropriate action to prevent recurrence
 Ensure prompt medical attention
ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES (CONTINUED)

Safety Coordinator
 Develop and implement accident prevention
programs
 Advise management on company policies and
governmental regulations
 Evaluate effectiveness of existing safety
programs
 Train management in safety observation
techniques
POOR SAFETY
PRACTICES
GOOD SAFETY
PRACTICES
IMPLEMENTING THE WORK PLAN

 Essential in reducing injuries and illnesses

 Maintains a safe environment
 Designed to protect employees, company’s
facilities, and local community
WORK PLAN (CONTINUED)
 Pre-entry briefing to alert personnel of hazards
 Conduct Job Hazard Analysis as appropriate
 Periodic safety inspection
 Correct known deficiencies
 Must be available for review and updated as
required
GENERAL
REQUIREMENTS
 Company Policies
 Site Description, Background
 Site Security
 Emergency Response
IDENTIFYING PROJECT-SPECIFIC
REQUIREMENTS

Job Hazard Analysis

 Select activities with highest risk
 Break activity into individual components
 Identify potential hazards in each component
 Develop procedures to eliminate/reduce hazard
The major causes of accidents in construction industry are due to –fall from high
elevation .

electrocution .

being struck by equipment .

being caught by equipment .

trench excavation , cave-in .

drowning ( bridge and offshore construction ) .

Overexertion .

It has been found that more than 40-50% of accidents due to fall from height or fall of
an object .
 The f
the c
Safe Access On Site
Construction Site Safet

Everyone can get to their place of work

y

safely
Edges from which people could fall are
provided with double guard rails or
other suitable edge protection
Holes are protected with clearly marked
and fixed covers to prevent falls
Site is tidy
Good lighting
Fenced off
from public
©Consultnet
 Working at Height
Height HAZARDS on Construction Sites
Holes in Floors, Gaps on Working Platforms, Shafts and
Stairwells not Adequately Covered, Barricaded,
Safet

Fenced Off
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Using ladders or scaffolding

without proper fixing is crazy
Never use incomplete
Construction

scaffolding.
Make sure there are hand rails
Site

and toe boards at all edges

Things fall on sites, wear your
helmet
Before starting work at heights
©Consultnet
 LETHAL LADDERS:
Ladders kill a lot of people.

Make sure the ladder is:-

Safet

 Right for the job. Would scaffolding

or a cherry picker be better?
y

 In good shape
 Secured near the top
Construction

 On a firm base and footing

4 up – 1 out
 Rising at least 1 meter beyond the
Site

landing place OR that there is a proper

hand hold
Always have a firm grip on the ladder
and keep a good balance
©Consultnet
 THE ROOF: A RISKY PLACE TO BE.
Very Simply:-
 Always inspect a roof before you walk
Safet

on it
 You must have protection to stop you
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from falling off the edge

 You must use proper safety harnesses
Construction

and running cables when working on top

of a roof
Remember: a walk along a fragile roof
Site

could be your last

50% of fatal injuries involving roofs are falls thru’
fragile materials, 30% are falls from edges
and
openings
©Consultnet
 EXCAVATION WORK.
If you want to avoid being buried
alive apply these rules:-
 All excavations deeper than 1.25meters
MUST be shored or battered.
 Excavations deeper than 2 meters MUST
have a guard rail or barrier
 Vehicles working too close to the
side of the trench or rubble piled
on the sides may cause
 collapse
Vehicles tipping into the excavation
must use stop blocks

©Consultnet
 CRANE SAFETY
Very Simply :-
 The weight of the load must be carefully
estimated
 The crane must be fitted with an
automatic safe load indicator (one that
works)
 The crane must always work on a hard,
level base
 The load must be properly fixed and
secured
 The banksman must be trained to give
clear signals
 NEVER, NEVER be carried with a load
©Consultnet
 Traffic Vehicles & Plant
Safet
y

Vehicles and pedestrians should be kept apart on-

site – separate them as much as possible using
Construction

barriers
Adequate clearance around slewing vehicles
Avoid reversing where possible & use one-way
Site

system
Vehicles should have reversing alarms/sirens
Passengers only on vehicles designed to carry
them
©Consultnet
 Goods Hoist
Good Safety Practice
Safet

Installed by a competent person

Rated capacity clearly marked
y

Current examination and

inspection report
Construction

Suitable base enclosure to prevent

people being struck by moving part
Site

of hoist
Landing gates kept shut except
when platform is at landing
©Consultnet
 ELECTRICITY
Good practice with electricity on site:-
 Treat electricity with respect
 Check constantly that cables are
not damaged or worn
 Keep trailing cables off the ground
and away from water
 Never overload or use makeshift
plugs and fuses

©Consultnet
Health Risks:
*Gastroenteritis *Hepatitis
*Weil’s disease (Leptospirosis) {Rats Urine}
*Asthma *Skin/Eye infections *Inflammation of the lungs

How to become infected:

 Hand-to-mouth contact(eating, drinking, smoking, wiping the face with
contaminated gloves) – most common
 Skin contact(cuts, scratches or wounds and some organisms enter the
body through the eyes)
 Breathing(either as dust or mist)

How to protect yourself:

 Understand the risks
 Understand how you may be infected
 Wear protective clothing
 Avoid sewage if possible
 Apply good personal hygiene
 Cleanse all wounds & cover
 Change out of contaminated clothing
 Clean equipment & boots etc on site
©Consultnet Ltd
 Most construction sites require at least:
Hard hat
Safety Boots
Safet

Hi-viz jacket
y

Safety Glasses
Construction

Wear them
always for
Site

your safety

©Consultnet Ltd
SAFETY MEASURES:

In order to prevent accidents at construction sites, certain safety measures need to be taken in the

following major activities prone to risks of accidents:

1.Excavation

2.Drilling and Blasting

3.Hot Bituminous works

4.Scaffolding,Ladders,Form-work and other equipment

5.Fabrication and Erection

6.Storage

7.Demolition

8.Fire
Salient Points of Safety Management
It is the responsibility of the construction manager to create safety programs that will prevent these
accidents .

The philosophy of the company must be that all accidents are prevented and the actions expected to
accomplish that goal must be clearly stated to the employees.

Without a safety plan , a project cannot be described as a successful construction project . The safety
should be the highest priority of the company . The company must be committed to the improvement
of safety .

The safety code of conduct should be communicated to the employees in the company , who should
also be made aware of the pros and cons of the accidents.

A company with a better culture of safety attracts the right kinds of employees and builds a good ,
consistent safety record .

During the project planning in the beginning of the work , a unique job-specific safety plan must be
developed .
Task specific hazard should be addressed daily .
Safety Programs
Safety program should be developed as a culture of the company . It should be at all times , at all
places and all types of work . Every employee of the company should think and work about safety .
Supervisors and managers play a very important role in safety management . The workers should feel
that the safely constraints are for their betterment . A company can develop it own plan and culture .
Some of the major components of a company safety plan should be –
First aid equipment should be available and known to the employee .

Every employee's need requires personal safety equipment .

Formal training program for each employee should be mandatory .

Procedures for emergency evacuation of injured employees should be clearly explained and
employees should be trained for such situations .

Safety record and accident report of the company should be honestly examined .

Site visit requirement for supervisory personnel plays a very important role in safety management .

Training for all supervisors and the managers should be mandatory .