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INTRODUCTION
Carbohydrates are one of the three major classes
of biological molecules.
Carbohydrates are also the most abundant
biological molecules.
Carbohydrates derive their name from the
general formula (CH2O)n.
Carbohydrates are carbon compounds that
contain large quantities of hydroxyl groups.
FUNCTIONS
Disaccharides
oligosaccharides or Polysaccharides.
Monosaccharides- one unit of
carbohydrate
Disaccharides- Two units of
carbohydrates.
Oligosaccharide-Two to ten
monosaccharide units.
Polysaccharides are much larger,
containing hundreds of monosaccharide
units.
MONOSACCHARIDES
Classified according to the number of carbon atoms or
the type of carbonyl group they contain.
Example
Glyceraldehyde is an aldose
Dihydroxyacetone is a ketose.
Glyceraldehyde,
3 Triose
Dihydroxyacetone
4 Tetrose Erythrose
Ribose, Ribulose,
5 Pentose
Xylulose
Glucose, Galactose,
6 Hexoses
Mannose, Fructose
7 Heptoses Sedoheptulose
2 types:
HOMO polysaccharides (all 1 type of
monomer)
glycogen, starch, cellulose, chitin
2. Fructose
3. Galactose
4. Mannose
D-glucose
and L-glucose are
enantiomers:
ASYMMETRIC CARBON
A carbon linked to four different atoms or
groups farthest from the carbonyl carbon