Disaster Management

Submitted By:
Shawez . S . Sayyed
Roll No : 72
G.R. No : 182153
Content

 What is disaster management ?

 Background
 Types of disaster
 Characteristic of disaster
 Principles of disaster management
 Disaster impact
 Disaster recovery
 Session Taken
 Future Directions
 References
What is disaster
management ???
 “A disaster can be defined as any occurrence that
cause damage, ecological disruption, loss of human life,
deterioration of health and health services on a scale,
sufficient to warrant an extraordinary response from
outside the affected community or area”.
(W.H.O.)

 “A disaster can be defined as an occurrence either

nature or manmade that causes human suffering and
creates human needs that victims cannot alleviate
without assistance”.
American Red Cross (ARC) ’
What is Disaster
Management
What it involves ??
 Dealing with and avoiding both natural
and man made disasters.
 Preparedness before disaster.
 Rebuilding and supporting society after
natural disasters.
Disasters:
 Tornadoes and Severe Storms.
 Hurricanes and Tropical Storms.
 Floods.
 Wildfires.
 Earthquakes.
 Drought.
TYPES OF DISASTER
Natural Man-made
Disasters Disasters

Meteorological Technological

Industrial
Topographical
accidents

Security
Environmental
related
Tornadoes and Severe Storms:
 Tornadoes are outgrowths of powerful thunderstorms
that appear as rotating, funnel-shaped clouds. They
extend from a thunderstorm to the ground with violent
winds that average 30 miles per hour. Also, they can vary
in speed dramatically from being stationary to 70 miles
per hour
 With a loud roar that sounds similar to a freight train,
tornadoes in the United States typically are 500 feet
across and travel on the ground for five miles. Every
state is at some risk from tornadoes and the severe
storms that produce them. These same destructive
storms also cause strong gusts of wind, lightning strikes,
and flash floods..
Flood:
 A flood is an overflow of water on land
which is usually dry. Sometimes a water
resource (river, lake or pond) gets flushed
with too much water. Unusually heavy rain
sometimes causes floods. When there is
too much water, it may overflow beyond
its normal limits. This water then spreads
over land, flooding it.
Wildfires:
 Wildfire is a general term which includes
forest fires, grassland fires, bushfires, brush
fires and any other vegetation fire in
countryside areas. Wildfires occur on
every continent except Antarctica. They
can occur naturally and spontaneously, but
many are caused by humans, accidentally
or deliberately.
Earthquakes:
 An earthquake (also known as
a quake, tremor or temblor) is the shaking of the
surface of the Earth, resulting from the sudden release
of energy in the Earth's lithosphere that creates seismic
waves.
 All known faults are assumed to have been the seat of
one or more earthquakes in the past, though tectonic
movements along faults are often slow, and most
geologically ancient faults are now aseismic (that is, they
no longer cause earthquakes).
Drought:

 A drought or drouth is a natural disaster

of below-average precipitation in a given
region, resulting in prolonged shortages in
the water supply, whether atmospheric,
surface water or ground water.
 FACTORS AFFECTING
DISASTER

• Age
• Immunization status
Host factors • Degree of mobility
• Emotional stability

• Physical Factors
• Chemical Factors
Environmental • Biological Factors
factors • Social Factors
• Psychological Factors
 CHARACTERISTIC OF
DISASTER

 Predictability

 Controllability

 Speed of onset
 Length of forewarning
 Duration of impact
 Scope and intensity of
impact
PHASES OF DISASTER
MANAGEMENT

Disaster Preparedness

Disaster impact

Disaster Response

Rehabilitation

Disaster Mitigation
Disaster preparedness
Preparedness should be in the form of money,
manpower and materials
 Evaluation from past experiences about risk
 Location of disaster prone areas
 Organization of communication, information and
warning system
 Ensuring co-ordination and response mechanisms
Contd….

 Development of public education

programme
 Co-ordination with media
 National & international relations
 Keeping stock of foods, drug and
other essential commodities.
Disaster impact
Disaster response

 Epidemiologic surveillance and disease

control
 Vaccination
 Nutrition
Rehabilitation phase

 Water supply
 Food safety
 Basic sanitation and personal hygiene
 Vector control
DISASTER-EFFECTS

 Deaths

 Disability

 Increase in communicable disease

 Psychological problems

 Food shortage

 Socioeconomic losses
DISASTER RECOVERY
 Successful Recovery Preparation
 Be vigilant in Health teaching
 Psychological support
 Referrals to hospital as needed
 Remain alert for environmental health
 Nurse must be attentive to the danger
 Major Disasters in India

1984 Bhopal Gas Tragedy

2001 Gujarat earthquake
2004 Indian Ocean tsunami
2008 Mumbai attacks
India’s Vulnerability to Disasters
 57% land is vulnerable to earthquakes. Of these, 12% is
vulnerable to severe earthquakes.

 68% land is vulnerable to drought.

 12% land is vulnerable to floods.

 8% land is vulnerable to cyclones.

 Apart from natural disasters, some cities in India are

also vulnerable to chemical and industrial disasters and
man-made disasters.
 GOI – NGO Disaster preparation
and Response Committee
 Members
 World Vision of India
 SOS Children's Village India
 Ramakrishna Mission
 Plan international
 OXFAM India Trust
 Lutheran World Service India
 Red Cross
 Catholic Relief Services
 CASA
 CARITAS India
 Voluntary Health association Of India
 Action Aid
 Action for Food Production-AFPRO
 Indo German Social Services Society
Session : Aniruddha’s Academy
 Explanation of Different Types Of
disasters.
 Different methods to handle such
situations.
 Different Knots.
 Use of First Aid.
 Immediate actions to be taken.
Different Knots:
First-Aid Kit:
Types Bandages:
Actions To Be Taken:
 Observing the victim.
 Giving CPR to victim.
 Providing immediate first-aid
 Taking the victim as fast as possible to
hospital.
 Should be self confident.
C.P.R:
 Cardiopulmonary
resuscitation (CPR) is an emergency
procedure that combines chest
compressions often with artificial
ventilation in an effort to manually
preserve intact brain function until
further measures are taken to restore
spontaneous blood circulation and
breathing in a person who is in cardiac
arrest.
How to perform CPR:
To carry out a chest compression:
1. Place the heel of your hand on the
breastbone at the centre of the person's
chest. Place your other hand on top of
your first hand and interlock your fingers.
2. Position yourself with your shoulders
above your hands.
 Handling Situation in fire:
 Using immediate fir extinguisher.
 Observe the type of burn.
 Cover the victim with a suitable cloth.
 Helping in diverting minds.
Use of Fire-extinguisher:
 Future Directions
 Encourage and consolidate knowledge networks

 Mobilise and train disaster volunteers for more effective

preparedness, mitigation and response (NSS, NCC,
Scouts and Guides, NYK, Civil Defence, Homeguards)

 Increased capacity building leads to faster vulnerability

reduction.

 Learn from best practices in disaster preparedness,

mitigation and disaster response
REFERENCES

 www.google.com
 www.wikipedia.com
 www.studymafia.org