PSYCHOANALYSIS

SIGMUND FREUD
• Bertha Pappenheim
• 21 years old, highly intellectual
• Suffered from HYSTERIA for 2 years
• Cured through HYPNOSIS (making use of ‘the
talking cure’ which has a cathartic effect
Catharsis – emotional release

The Case of ANNA O.

 SYMPTOMS

PARALYSIS OF RIGHT ARM AND LEG

DIFFICULTY IN VISION

INABILITY TO SPEAK AND UNDERSTAND HER MOTHER TONGUE

NAUSEA & INABILITY TO DRINK LIQUIDS

STATES OF ABSENCE / ALTERED CONSCIOUSNESS

PERSONALITY CHANGE AND AMNESIA

 • Making use of the talking cure/talking method under hypnosis
• Abandoned hypnosis and decided to treat patients during
normal waking state
resistance – force which prevents patient from
becoming aware of certain memory.

repression- blocking of a wish or desire from

consciousness – which may result to neurotic
symptoms (analogy of the rude student)
repressed wishes need to be restored in our
consciousness so we can deal with them
realistically.

THE BEGINNING OF PSYCHOANALYSIS

Psychoanalysis – a method of therapy in which the therapist
attempts to bring repressed unconscious material into
consciousness.
-all human behaviors have a cause, nothing happens simply by
chance, even by accident

FREE ASSOCIATION – verbalizing whatever comes to mind

INTERPRETATION OF DREAMS and
SLIPS (OF THE TONGUE, OF THE PEN, JOKES/HUMOR) - minor
mistakes, like slip of the tongue, are manisfestations of unconcious
motives
-through humor, a person can express aggressiveness or sexual
desires without fear of retaliation by either the ego or the superego.

The Psychoanalytic Method

The importance of Sexuality
2 basic impulses:
• EROS or LIFE INSTINCT
-libido is the energy associated with life instinct.
-libidinal energy is expanded to prolong life

• THANATOS or DEATH INSTINCT

-the aim of all life is death
-a derivative of the death instinct is aggression
 The Psychosexual Stages of Development
ORAL STAGE (0-1)
sucking, feeding, biting, chewing
ANAL STAGE (1-4)
toilet training (bowel and bladder control) with a concern
for cleanliness and control
PHALLIC STAGE (4-6)
pleasure from the genitals, this is where the OEDIPUS
COMPLEX arise and must be resolved
LATENCY STAGE (7-puberty)
-gender identity, increase in same-sex friendship
GENITAL STAGE (puberty)
-combination of sexual desire and affection for others
-develops the capacity for adult love
• There are conflicts and troubles to be resolved at
each stage and failure to resolve these may lead
to adult difficulty
• -too much or little gratification at any given
stage can result to FIXATION
• -those with too much gratification during
oral stage become too dependent on others
• -those with too much gratification during
anal stage become compulsively neat
Structure of Personality
ANXIETY – unpleasant feelings of tension or worry
experienced by individuals in reaction to unacceptable
wishes or impulses.

-functions to warn us that if we continue to thinking

or behaving in a certain way, we will be in danger
-since anxiety is not pleasant, we need to reduce it