AIRCRAFT DESIGN MODULE

HIGH LIFT DEVICES OF

AN AIRPLANE
Swapno Sarit Panda
P01 201801 0031
PGDAM

HAL MANAGEMENT ACADAMY

2018-20
INTRODUCTION
 High Lift Devices
Devices to increase the lift
coefficient by geometry changes
(camber and/or chord) and/or
boundary-layer control (avoid flow
separation
- Flaps, trailing edge devices
- Slats, leading edge devices
 Purpose of High Lift Devices
▪ To Reduce take off and landing
distance
▪ Reduction in Stalling Speed
▪ Lift Augmentation by increase in
camber and related aspects

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 Trailing Edge devices- Flaps

▪ PLAIN FLAP ▪ SPLIT FLAP

 Trailing Edge devices- Flaps

SLOTTED FLAP FOWLER FLAP ZAP FLAP

Effect of Flap
 TRAILING EDGE DEVICES
INCREAS ANGLE OF
HIGH LIFT
E OF MAX ATTACK AT REMARKS
DEVICES
LIFT (%) MAX LIFT (°)

BASIC Effect of all HLD depends on the shape

AEROFOIL - 15 of aerofoil

Plain or Camber Increase Camber, much drag when fully

Flap 50 12 lowered

Increase camber. Even more Drag than

Split Flap 60 14 Plain Flap

Control of Boundary layer, Increase

Slotted Flap 65 16 camber, Not so much Drag, stalling
delayed

Double Slotted Same as Single slotted flap only more

Flap 70 18 slots. Used very rarely

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 TRAILING EDGE DEVICES
INCREAS ANGLE OF
HIGH LIFT
E OF MAX ATTACK AT REMARKS
DEVICES
LIFT (%) MAX LIFT (°)

Increase camber and wing area. Best

Fowler Flap 90 15 flaps for lift, complicated mechanism

Double slotted Same as Single slotted flap only more

Fowler Flap 100 20 slots. Used very rarely

Increase camber and wing area.

Zap Flap 90 13 Much Drag

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LEADING EDGE DEVICES- SLATS
▪ Slats are auxiliary airfoils fitted
to the leading edge of the wing.
▪ At high angles of attack, they
automatically move out ahead of
the wing.
▪ The angle of attack of the slat
being less than that of the main
plane, there is a smooth airflow
over the slat which tends to
smooth out the eddies forming
over the wing.
▪ Slats are usually fitted to the
leading edge near the wing tips
to improve lateral control.
 Leading Edge Slats

Automatic Slat Fixed Slat

Krueger Flap Droop nose

(BOEING 727) (AIRBUS A320)
•To increase lift at low speed
•Increase camber increase lift
Effect of slat on Wings
▪ At angles of attack
where the slat is
opened, the lift is
greater and maximum
lift coefficient occurs
at much higher angle
of attack. This
indicates that an
airplane with a
slotted wing has a
lower stalling speed
than one without
slots, other thing
being equal.
 Sequence of Operation
▪ The sequence of operation is critical.
▪ Lowering the trailing edge flap increases both upwash
and downwash.
▪ At high angle of attacks, especially for large aircraft,
the increased upwash could stall the airplane.
▪ Leading edge device therefore be deployed before
the trailing edge
▪ Flaps are lowered to take advantage of the ability of
the leading edge flaps to increase the angle of attack
for Cl max..
▪ When the flaps are retracted, the trailing edge flaps
should be retracted first.
 To invent an airplane is nothing. To
Build one is something. But to fly is
everything.
- Otto Lilienthal

It is good to Fly but important to know how to

Land safely.

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THANKS!