GROUP 2

Enrico Tjoanda (18700021)

I Kadek Alam Yudistira (18700023)

Maya Dwi Artika (18700011)

Rieke Dyah Aurellia K.W (18700009)

I kadek Wawan Agus Wijaya (18700025)

Ni Made Mawar Dwiari (18700029)

Elliyah Fatma Sari (18700015)

GROUP 2

Rieke Mawar
Aurelia Dwiari

Enrico
Wawan Tjoanda
Agus
Maya
Elliyah Dwi
Alam
Fatma
Yudistira
METHICILLIN-RESISTANT
STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS (MRSA)
 MRSA is a type of bacteria
that's resistant to several
widely used antibiotics.
This means infections with
MRSA can be harder to
treat than other bacterial
infections.
 The full name of MRSA is
meticillin-resistant
Staphylococcus aureus. You
might have heard it called
a "superbug".
 MRSA infections
mainly affect people who are
staying in hospital. They can be
serious, but can usually be
treated with antibiotics that
work against MRSA.
WHAT ARE THE DIFFERENT TYPES OF
MRSA?
 HA-MRSA
 HA-MRSA is associated
with infections that are
contracted in medical
facilities such as hospitals
or nursing homes. You can
get this type of MRSA
infection through direct
contact with an infected
wound or contaminated
hands. You can also
become infected through
contact with contaminated
linens or poorly sanitized
surgical instruments. HA-
MRSA can cause severe
problems, such as blood
infections and pneumonia.
 CA-MRSA
 CA-MRSA is associated
with infections that are
transmitted through close
personal contact with an
infected person or through
direct contact with an
infected wound. This type
of MRSA infection may
also develop as a result of
poor hygiene such as
infrequent or improper
handwashing.
 WHAT ARE THE SYMPTOMS OF MRSA?
 Symptoms of HA-MRSA  Symptoms of CA-MRSA
 HA-MRSA is generally more likely to  CA-MRSA usually causes skin infections.
cause serious complications, such Areas that have increased body hair, such as
as pneumonia, urinary tract infections, the armpits or back of the neck, are more
and sepsis. It’s important to see your likely to be infected. Areas that have been
doctor right away if you notice any of the cut, scratched, or rubbed are also vulnerable
following symptoms: to infection because your biggest barrier to
germs — your skin — has been damaged.
 rash
 The infection usually causes a swollen,
 headaches
painful bump to form on the skin. The bump
 muscle aches may resemble a spider bite or pimple. It
 chills often has a yellow or white center and a
 fever central head. This may often be surrounded
by an area of redness and warmth, known as
 fatigue cellulitis. Pus and other fluids may drain
 cough from the affected area. Some people also
 shortness of breath experience a fever.
 chest pain
WHO GETS MRSA?
 MRSA is spread by contact. So, you could get MRSA
by touching another person who has it on the skin. Or
you could get it by touching objects that have the
bacteria on them. MRSA is carried by about 2% of the
population (or 2 in 100 people), although most of them
aren't infected.
 MRSA infections are common among people who have
weak immune systems and are in hospitals, nursing
homes, and other health care centers. Infections can
appear around surgical wounds or invasive devices,
like catheters or implanted feeding tubes.
 According to the CDC, invasive MRSA infections that
began in hospitals declined 8% between 2011 and
2013.
 People staying in hospital are most at risk of this
happening because:
 they often have a way for the bacteria to get into
their body, such as a wound, burn, feeding tube,
drip into a vein, or urinary catheter
 they may have other serious health problems
that mean their body is less able to fight off the
bacteria
 they're in close contact with a large number of
people, so the bacteria can spread more easily
 Healthy people (including children and pregnant
women) aren't usually at risk of MRSA
infections.
 RISK FACTORS
 Risk factors for HA-MRSA
 Being hospitalized. MRSA remains a concern in hospitals, where it
can attack those most vulnerable — older adults and people with
weakened immune systems.
 Having an invasive medical device. Medical tubing — such as
intravenous lines or urinary catheters — can provide a pathway for
MRSA to travel into your body.
 Residing in a long-term care facility. MRSA is prevalent in
nursing homes. Carriers of MRSA have the ability to spread it, even if
they're not sick themselves.

 Risk factors for CA-MRSA

 Participating in contact sports. MRSA can spread easily through
cuts and abrasions and skin-to-skin contact.
 Living in crowded or unsanitary conditions. Outbreaks of MRSA
have occurred in military training camps, child care centers and jails.
 Men having sex with men. Homosexual men have a higher risk of
developing MRSA infections.
 COMPLICATIONS

 MRSA infections can resist the effects of many

common antibiotics, so they are more difficult to
treat. This can allow the infections to spread and
sometimes become life-threatening.

 MRSA infections may affect your:

 Bloodstream

 Lungs

 Heart

 Bones

 Joints
 PREVENTION HA-MRSA

In the hospital, people who are infected or colonized

with MRSA often are placed in contact precautions
as a measure to prevent the spread of MRSA.
Visitors and health care workers caring for people
in isolation may be required to wear protective
garments and must follow strict hand hygiene
procedures. Contaminated surfaces and laundry
items should be properly disinfected.
 PREVENTION CA-MRSA

• Wash your hands. Careful hand washing remains

your best defense against germs. Scrub hands briskly
for at least 15 seconds, then dry them with a
disposable towel and use another towel to turn off the
faucet. Carry a small bottle of hand sanitizer
containing at least 62 percent alcohol for times when
you don't have access to soap and water.
• Keep wounds covered. Keep cuts and abrasions
clean and covered with sterile, dry bandages until
they heal. The pus from infected sores may contain
MRSA, and keeping wounds covered will help prevent
the bacteria from spreading.
 PREVENTING CA-MRSA

• Keep personal items personal. Avoid sharing

personal items such as towels, sheets, razors,
clothing and athletic equipment. MRSA spreads
on contaminated objects as well as through direct
contact.
• Shower after athletic games or practices.
Shower immediately after each game or practice.
Use soap and water. Don't share towels.
• Sanitize linens. If you have a cut or sore, wash
towels and bed linens in a washing machine set
to the hottest water setting (with added bleach, if
possible) and dry them in a hot dryer. Wash gym
and athletic clothes after each wearing.
 TREATMENT
 If you get an MRSA infection, you'll usually be
treated with antibiotics that work against MRSA.
 These may be taken as tablets or given as
injections. Treatment can last a few days to a few
weeks.
 During treatment, you may need to stay in your
own room or in a ward with other people who
have an MRSA infection to help stop it spreading.
 You can normally still have visitors, but it's
important they take precautions to prevent
MRSA spreading.
 ENVIROMENTAL CONTROL
 Recreational equipment, such as weight benches,
should routinely be wiped clean after use with a
clean dry towel.
 Inmates should use barriers to bare skin, such as
a towel or clean shirt, while using exercise
equipment.
 Countertops and other treatable surfaces should
be cleaned routinely after any contamination
with blood or body fluids with an appropriate
disinfectant.
 Laundry should be washed regularly with a
detergent using a hot water cycle and then
thoroughly dried.
 https://www.webmd.com/skin-problems-and-
treatments/understanding-mrsa#1
 https://www.healthline.com/health/mrsa#risk-
factors