Pronouns

•A pronoun is a word that takes the place of one or more

nouns.

•The noun the pronoun replaces or refers to is called the

antecedent.
 Subject Pronouns

1st Person Singular I 1st Person Plural We

2nd Person Singular You 2nd Person Plural You all

He
3rd Person Singular She 3rd Person Plural They
It
 Object Pronouns
1st Person
Me 1st Person Plural Us
Singular

2nd Person
You 2nd Person Plural You all
Singular

Him
3rd Person 3rd Person Plural
Her Them
Singular
It
 Possessive Adjectives (Determiners)
1st Person 1st Person
My Our
Singular Plural

2nd Person 2nd Person

Your Your
Singular Plural

His
3rdPerson 3rd Person
Her Their
Singular Plural
Its
 Possessive Pronouns
1st Person
Mine 1st Person Plural Ours
Singular

2nd Person 2nd Person

Yours Yours
Singular Plural

His
3rdPerson 3rd Person
Hers Theirs
Singular Plural
Its
 Reflexive Pronouns
1st Person 1st Person
Myself Ourselves
Singular Plural

2nd Person 2nd Person

Yourself Yourselves
Singular Plural

Himself
3rdPerson 3rd Person
Herself Themselves
Singular Plural
Itself
 Indefinite Pronouns
Someone Somebody
People People
Anyone Anybody
More Less
No one Nobody
formal Formal
Everyone Everybody
Somewhere Something
Anywhere Anything
Places Things
Nowhere Nothing
Everywhere Everything
 Demonstrative Pronouns
Object Objects
Singular This Plural These
Near Near

Object Objects
Singular That Plural Those
Far Far
Personal Pronouns
• Three groups

• First person
• Second person
• Third person
First Person Pronouns
• This is the person speaking:

• Singular: I, me, my, mine

• Plural: we, us, our, ours

Example: Mr. Victor often says that he wants all of us to try and do our very
best.
Second Person Pronouns
• The person spoken to:

• Singular: you, your, yours

• Plural: you, your, yours

Example: The waiter asked, “Would you like to take home your leftovers?”
Third Person Pronouns
• The person or thing spoken about:

• Singular: he, him, his, she, her, hers, it, its

• Plural: they, them, their, theirs

Example: Didn’t Mr. Victor get one of his degrees from Florida State University?
Reflexive or Intensive Pronouns

• These pronouns are created by adding

-self or –selves to some personal pronouns.

Singular: myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself

Plural: ourselves, yourselves, themselves

Example: Mrs. Herbert excused herself from the

meeting because she had to go pick up her
children.
Indefinite Pronouns

• These pronouns refer to unnamed people or

things and do not have definite antecedents like
personal pronouns (you is sometimes an indefinite
pronoun as the first word in a sentence

all both few no one

eachmany any either

Example: No one knew the answer, but a few tried.

You must explain it to me.
Demonstrative Pronouns
• These pronouns are used to point out specific people, places or
things.

this that these those

Example: When someone shouted out, “She’s Fat,” the teacher said,
“Please do not use comments like those in my room.”
Interrogative Pronouns
• These pronouns are used to ask questions.

what which who

whose whom

Example: Who is going to become this week’s “Student of the Week?”

Relative Pronouns
• These pronouns relate a noun or
adjective clause to its antecedent.

who whomwhose
which that

Example: Mr. Victor, who is tall and scary, speaks with a very loud voice.
Reciprocal Pronouns
• These pronouns refer to individual
parts of a plural antecedent.

each other one another

Example: Julie and Stacy were friends last week, and now they are
spreading rumors about each other.
Indefinite Pronouns
 Refer to unnamed people, places, things, or ideas
Indefinite pronouns often do not have definite
antecedents as personal pronouns do.

Examples:
Several have qualified for the contest.
Many collected the newspapers.
I’ve gathered everything now.
Common Indefinite Pronouns
 Singular- another, anybody, anyone, anything, each, either,
everybody, everyone, everything, much, neither, nobody, no
one, one, somebody, someone, something

 Plural- both, few, many, others, several

 Singular/Plural- all, any, most, none, some

 *Select 5 of the indefinite pronouns and write a sentence

for each of them. After writing the sentences, switch with a
partner and have them identify your indefinite pronouns.
Practice Finding Indefinite
Pronouns
1. Many feel that they cannot help the environment.
2. Some say the problem is too large.
3. However, anyone can recycle.
4. Almost everything can be used more than once.
5. Everybody can conserve natural resources.
6. One small action is better than none
7. We should encourage one another in this pursuit.
8. Nothing is wrong with thanking citizens who recycle
their trash.
Demonstrative Pronouns
A demonstrative
pronoun points out a
specific person, place,
thing, or idea.
Demonstrative Pronouns
This That
These Those
Examples:
 This is Mary’s coat on the hanger.
 Are these John’s glasses?
 This is Brian.
 That is a pencil.
 What are those?
Interrogative Pronouns
 Interrogative pronouns are used to ask questions.
These are the detectives of the pronoun group. They
help the speaker find information by asking questions.

 Interrogative Pronouns-
 What, which, who, whom, whose

 What is known about the case?

 Who is coming to the party?
Practice Your Skills
 Find the demonstrative and interrogative pronouns
1. Who is going to the dance on Saturday?
2. That is the most important question on our minds.
3. This is my outfit for the dance.
4. Of all my shoes, these ones will match my dress the
best.
5. What is the first song going to be?
6. Those are great tunes for dancing.
7. Which is your favorite?
Practice
1. Who is going to the dance on Saturday?
2. That is the most important question on our minds.
3. This is my outfit for the dance.
4. Of all my shoes, these ones will match my dress the
best.
5. What is the first song going to be?
6. Those are great tunes for dancing.
7. Which is your favorite?
Partner Activity
 Work in pairs to describe an event that you have
witnessed. It should be a fictitious event, or one shared
by both members (a Spartan football game or the
homecoming dance perhaps. . .)
 Write about the event using at least one example of
each of the following pronouns: personal, indefinite,
demonstrative, and interrogative.
 This should be brief, no more than a paragraph, so be
concise.
All of these words, and many more,
are conjunctions ! ! !
for or
before if
than
even though
while whether
wherever
and nor
since so
then
although
yet unless
because
until
where but

Let us take a closer look . .

Finish these sentences
• If I pass my Analytical Chemistry exam, I will….
• If I passed my Analytical Chemistry exam, I
would…
• If I had passed my Analytical Chemistry exam, I
would have…
Zero Conditional
• The Zero Conditional is formed in this way:
if + Present Simple, Present Simple
If you heat water, it boils.
• We use Zero Conditional to describe rules and
situations where one event always follows the
other.
If you want to study in the USA, you have to pass an
exam in English.
First Conditional
• The First Conditional is formed in this way:
if + Present Simple, will + infinitive
If you go to the Zoo, you will see the lions.

• We use the First Conditional to talk about possible

future events that depend on other future events.
If I pass my exams, my parents will buy me a scooter.

Other possible patterns in the First Conditional:

If we save enough money, we can go on holiday. – can
If you see him, tell him to give me a ring. - imperative
Second Conditional
The second Conditional is formed in this way:
if + Past Simple, would / could / might + infinitive
If I had enough money, I would buy a new car.

We use the Second Conditional:

1. To talk about imagined, impossible or unlikely events
in the future.
If I had enough money, I would love to do something
like that. (the sentence refers to the future)
2. To talk about impossible present situations.
If I were you, I would study more.
Third Conditional
• The Third Conditional is formed in this way:
if + Past Perfect, would/could/might + Perfect
Infinitive

If I had studied more, I would have passed the exam.

• We use the Third Conditional to talk about unreal

situations in the past and to imagine things that did
not happen.

If I hadn’t broken my leg, I would have gone skiing.

Unless = if not
• You don’t get fit unless you exercise regularly.
You don’t get fit if you don’t exercise regularly.
• I won’t go there unless we take a taxi.
I won’t go there if we don’t take a taxi.
Test Examples
• If you ask him, he ___________ (take) you to the
airport.
• The view was wonderful. If I ______________(have) a
camera with me, I would have taken some photographs.
• You know that I can’t afford this ring. If I earned more, I
________________(buy) you the whole world.
• It’s a pity I didn’t go to Spain last summer. If I had gone
there, I ____________________ (have) a chance to use
my Spanish.
• If I were you, I ______________ (take) your neighbour
to court.
Test Examples
• If you ask him, he will take you to the airport.
• The view was wonderful. If I had had a camera with
me, I would have taken some photographs.
• You know that I can’t afford this ring. If I earned
more, I would buy you the whole world.
• It’s a pity I didn’t go to Spain last summer. If I had
gone there, I would have had a chance to use my
Spanish.
• If I were you, I would take your neighbour to court.
While is used only about a continuous state, and
another event or state that happens during that
time. It does not imply or refute causality.

The doorbell rang while I was making dinner. –

single

I listened to the radio while i was making dinner.

Continuous
When implies a causal relationship between two things:
when X happens Y happens. It can be used about a single
event, an intermittent state or a continuous state

Please come and see me when you are free. - single

When the red light is showing, you can't cross the
road. - intermittent (whenever)

When we were young, life was simpler. - continuous

When as is used about time, it implies two events or states
happening by chance at the same time

I saw her as I was leaving. – event

The doorbell rang as she slept. - event/state

The sun was setting as the boat sailed away. -

state/state
http://www.time4english.com/aamain
/school/gram18b1.asp
 Easily confused words
•Above or over? •As, because or since?
•Across, over or through? •As, when or while?
•Advice or advise? •Been or gone?
•Affect or effect? •Begin or start?
•All or every? •Beside or besides?
•All or whole? •Between or among?
•Allow, permit or let? •Born or borne?
•Almost or nearly? •Bring, take and fetch
•Alone, lonely, •Can, could or may?
or lonesome? •Classic or classical?
•Along or alongside? •Come or go?
•Already, still or yet? •Consider or regard?
•As, because or since?
•As, when or while?
•Been or gone?
•Begin or start?
•Beside or besides?
•Between or among?
•Born or borne?
•Bring, take and fetch
•Can, could or may?
•Classic or classical?
•Come or go?
•Consider or regard?