SEMINAR ON

Distribution Transformer

Made By : Amritpal Singh

Roll No. : 99150340260
Transformer is a static device which transfers A.C. electrical
power from one circuit to the other by changing the voltage
level and keeping the frequency constant.
 Working Principle of transformer
 A transformer operates on the principals of “electromagnetic induction”.

Step-up transformer (Generating station) : When a transformer is used to

“increase” the voltage on its secondary winding with respect to the primary, it is
called a Step-up transformer.

Step-down transformer (Distribution Transformer) : . When it is used to

“decrease” the voltage on the secondary winding with respect to the primary it is
called a Step-down transformer.
Parts of Transformer
1. Windings : Primary winding (H.T.), Secondary winding (L.T.)
2. Core : Silicon steel
3. Cooling (ONAN): Heat , Oil , Breather
4. Insulation: Bushes , Sleeves , Oil , Insulation tape , Cotton tape , Paper tape,
Press board , Bakelite pipe , Drum
5. Connectors : Thimbles , ferrule
 Windings
There are basically two windings in distribution transformer.

1. Primary winding: The transformer winding at which input supply is provided is called
primary winding. As we know distribution transformer are stepdown transformer so we
supply a very high voltage to the input winding, thus this winding is also called High
Tension (H.T.) winding.
Size of conductor: Thin wire (Because this winding carries high voltage as
well as small current, Hence due to economic factor we use thin wire for HT
winding.)

Connections: Delta connections (Because in a 3 Phase supply we do not

require neutral wire for so transmission we always connect primary side of
transformer in Delta connections.)
 Connections: Star connections (Because our L.T. terminals are output terminals, so for
distribution we must require a Neutral wire, which is only possible when we have connected
our L.T. terminals in Star connections.)

Material Used for windings: Copper is the best material ever for Transformer windings
but due to high cost and theft we use Copper windings only in power transformer. In
Distribution transformer we use Aluminum windings, because aluminum is very cheaper
as compare to copper. Hence due to economical factor aluminum windings are used in
distribution transformer.
Insulation of Windings: A paper tape is used for providing insulation to both H.T. and
L.T. windings.
2. Secondary Winding: The transformer winding at which output is taken is called secondary
winding. In distribution transformer the output current is very high and output voltage is very
low as compare to the input supply, Hence this winding is also called Low Tension (L.T.)
winding.

Size of conductor: Thick wire (Because this winding carries a very large amount of current so a
large current requires a thick wire and a small voltage can also easily pass through thick
conductor , Hence due to current carrying capacity a thick conductor is used for L.T. winding.
2. Core of Transformer
In distribution transformer we use ‘core type ‘transformers.
Material of core: Silicon Steel is the best ever material for transformer core. Practically we place
layer of varnish over the silicon steel limb for providing insulation between different limbs.
Core of 3 phase transformer: E-I type
Cooling in 3 phase Distribution Transformer:
Oil Natural Air Natural (ONAN) cooling is the most commonly used
way of transformer cooling. There are two important parts of ONAN
cooling.
•Heat sink: A heat sink is basically a heat absorber, it is placed over the
body of transformer in contact with natural air. Heat sink is a hollow or
pipe type structure through which oil flows and the natural air contact
helps to cool the transformer oil.
Conservator tank: It is basically oil storage of transformer oil. Here oil expands,
when oil gets hot, so this tank is always filled ¼ % or 1/3 % of the volume of
conservator tank due to expanding of oil.
Cause of major fault in transformer.

 Lack of transformer oil: With the passage of time transformer oil

decreases so due to this lack of oil transformer will not cool properly,
which results in heating of windings and cause damage to
transformer.
 Due to heavy load on a phase of transformer ,it may cause in
heating of L.T. winding which results in melting of L.T. winding.
 Due to lose connections of transformer.
THANK YOU