Dimensional and non dimensional

performance characteristic of mixed

flow/Francis turbine.

Salman Boghani (P18TM006)

Himraj Bhagawati (P18TM003)
Naveen Danana (P18TM005)
Performance characteristics of Francis turbine.
• It is not always possible in practice, although desirable, to run a
machine at its maximum efficiency due to changes in operating
parameters. Therefor, it becomes important to know the performance
of the machine under conditions for which the efficiency is less than the
maximum. It is more useful to plot the basic dimensionless
performance parameters (as derived in upcoming slides) from similarity
principle of fluid mechanics.
Performance characteristic.
• In order to predict the behavior of turbine under varying conditions in
terms of head (H), speed (N) and output power (P) that are expressed
in terms of quantities which may be obtained when head of turbine
reduced to unity.
1) Unit speed (Nu).
𝜋𝐷𝑁
𝑢=
60

60𝑢
𝑁=
𝜋𝐷
 𝑢
𝑢
∅=
𝑁∝ 𝑣
𝐷
𝑢 =∅𝑣
𝑔𝐻
𝑁∝ 𝑢∝𝑣
𝐷
𝑢∝ 𝑔𝐻
𝑔𝐻
𝑁 = 𝑁u
𝐷

𝑁𝐷
𝑁u = … … … [1]
𝑔𝐻
2) Unit Discharge.
𝑄 =𝐴𝑣
𝜋
𝑄= 𝐷2 𝑣
4

𝑄 ∝ 𝐷2 𝑣

𝑄 ∝ 𝐷2 2𝑔𝐻

𝑄 ∝ 𝐷2 𝑔𝐻

𝑄
𝑄𝑢 = … … … …[2]
𝐷2 𝑔𝐻
3) Unit Power.
𝑃 = 𝜌𝑔𝑄𝐻𝜂˳

𝑃 ∝ 𝜌𝑔𝑄𝐻

𝑃 ∝ 𝜌𝑔 𝐷2 𝑔𝐻𝐻 (𝑄 ∝ 𝐷2 𝑔𝐻)
2 3Τ
𝑃∝ 𝜌𝐷 𝑔𝐻 2

𝑃
𝑃𝑢 = 2 3ൗ … … … …[3]
𝜌𝐷 𝑔𝐻 2
Controlling/governing of francis turbine
The major components
1. Oil pump and oil sump
2. Relay or control valve
3. Servo motor or relay cylinder
4. Governor and linkage
5. Regulating ring
6. Regulating rod
Contd…
• Oil pump & oil sump:-the system requires an oil sump to store the oil and an oil
pump to regulate the oil supply in the mechanism.
• Relay or control valve:-relay valve is a spool valve having 5 ports, it receives the
pressurized oil from the oil pump which is diverted towards the servomotor
cylinder and return back to the cylinder.
• Servomotor:-it is a double acting cylinder which acts as a hydraulic actuator.
• Governor & linkage:-a centrifugal governor is used as the measuring element of
the closed loop control system.it is driven by the turbine shaft. the movement of
the sleeve is transferred through the lever.
• Regulating ring:-it is a circular ring having guide vanes pivoted at a point through
the levers and links.
• Regulating rod:-it connects the regulating ring to servomotor.
Mechanism
working
• When the load is less ,the centrifugal governor senses the speed and valve 1
closes while relay valve(V2) opens which allows the high pressure oil to enter the
left portion of the servomotor .this pushes the piston forward and partially close
the passage of guide blades.
• Reverse action is takes place when the load is more.
Contd…
Contd…