A project phase-I, review-II presentation on

ROLE OF DC ELECTRIC SPRINGS FOR

REDUCTION OF POWER LOSS IN MICRO GRIDS
presented by
PALLA VENKATA PAVAN KISHORE BABU
17121D0711

Under the guidance of

Mr. D. SREENIVASULU REDDY, M.Tech.
Assistant Professor

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

SREE VIDYANIKETHAN ENGINEERING COLLEGE

(Autonomous)
A. RANGAMPET, TIRUPATI – 517102
2017-19
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 CONTENTS
1. Objective
2. Review -1 overview
3. Electric spring
4. Centralised model predictive control
5. Mathematical modelling
6. Flow chart
7. Conclusion
8. References

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 OBJECTIVES
 To reduce power imbalance problem and sub sequent DC bus
voltage fluctuations in DC micro grid using DC electric spring.

 To over come load variations with the help of DC electric spring

by using of Model Predictive Control.

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 Review -1 over view
• Power quality issues
• Introduction of micro grid
• DC micro grid
• Literature survey

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 ELECTRIC SPRING
• Electric spring(ES) is combination of capacitance and
inductance which are connected in series with non-
critical loads and parallel to the critical load.

• The ES can be embedded in electric appliances to over

come the voltage instability in micro grid.

• Electric springs are connected in series with dissipative

load to maintain energy storage, voltage support and
damping.

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 CENTRALIZED MODEL PREDICTIVE CONTROL
• It is a Centralized model predictive control which
controls all the renewable energy sources.

• Centralized Model Predictive Control (CMPC), an

important advanced control technique for difficult
multivariable to the control problems.

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 (a): Centralized model predictive control
(b): Decentralized model predictive control
(c): Distributed model predictive control

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 Fig 1: Simplified diagram of DC micro grid bus with a DCES

𝐑𝐧 + 𝐑𝐜
𝐏𝐧𝐨𝐦 = 𝐕^𝟐𝐧𝐨𝐦 …..Equation (1)
𝐑𝐧𝐑𝐜

𝐑𝐧 + 𝐑𝐜
𝐏 = 𝐕^𝟐𝐛𝐮𝐬 ….Equation (2)
𝐑𝐧𝐑𝐜

∆𝑷 = 𝑷𝒏𝒐𝒎 − 𝑷 …..Equation (3)

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equations 1& 2 substitute equation 3
𝑹𝒏 + 𝑹𝒄
∆𝑷 = (𝐕𝐧𝐨𝐦 − 𝐕𝐛𝐮𝐬 )(𝐕𝐧𝐨𝐦 + 𝑽𝒃𝒖𝒔 )
𝑹𝒏 𝑹𝒄

𝐕𝐛𝐮𝐬 (𝐬) 𝐊 𝐩 𝐕𝐝𝐜 𝐬 + 𝐊 𝐢 𝐕𝐝𝐜

=
𝐕𝐧𝐨𝐦 (𝐬) 𝟏 + 𝐊 𝐩 𝐕𝐝𝐜 𝐬 + 𝐊 𝐢 𝐕𝐝𝐜

𝒆(𝒔) 𝑽𝒏𝒐𝒎 𝒔 − 𝑽𝒃𝒖𝒔 (𝒔) 𝒔

= =
𝑽𝒏𝒐𝒎 (𝒔) 𝑽𝒏𝒐𝒎 (𝒔) 𝟏 + 𝑲𝒑 𝑽𝒅𝒄 𝒔 + 𝑲𝒊 𝑽𝒅𝒄

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 Fig 2: An m-bus DC micro grid with n RES units

𝒎−𝟏 𝒎
(𝑽𝒃𝒖𝒔𝒊 −𝑽𝒃𝒖𝒔𝒋 )^𝟐
𝑷𝒔 − ෍ ෍ 𝑪𝒊𝒋
𝑹𝒊𝒋
𝒊=𝟏 𝒋=𝒊+𝟏
𝒎
𝑹𝒏𝒊 + 𝑹𝒄𝒊
= 𝑷𝒃 + 𝑷𝐛𝐥 + ෍ 𝑽^𝟐𝒃𝒖𝒔𝒊
𝑹𝒏𝒊 𝑹𝒄𝒊
𝒊=𝟏

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 ∆𝑷 = ∆𝑷𝒔 − 𝑷𝒃𝒎𝒂𝒙 − 𝑷𝒃
𝒎
𝑹𝒏𝒊 + 𝑹𝒄𝒊
= ෍ 𝑽′𝟐 𝒃𝒖𝒔𝒊 − 𝑽𝟐 𝒃𝒖𝒔𝒊
𝑹𝒏𝒊 𝑹𝒄𝒊
𝒊=𝟏
𝒎−𝟏 𝒎
(𝑽′𝒃𝒖𝒔𝒊 −𝑽𝒃𝒖𝒔𝒋 ) − (𝑽′ 𝒃𝒖𝒔𝒊 + 𝑽𝒃𝒖𝒔𝒋 )
+෍ ෍ 𝑪𝒊𝒋
𝑹𝒊𝒋
𝒊=𝟏 𝒋=𝒊+𝟏

𝐦𝐢𝐧 𝑱
𝒎 𝒎−𝟏 𝒎
𝟐
(𝑽𝒃𝒖𝒔𝒊 −𝑽𝒃𝒖𝒔𝒋 )^𝟐
= 𝜶 ෍ 𝑽𝒏𝒐𝒎 − 𝑽𝒃𝒖𝒔𝒊 + 𝟏−𝜶 ෍ ෍ 𝑪𝒊𝒋
𝑹𝒊𝒋
𝒊=𝟏 𝒊=𝟏 𝒋=𝒊+𝟏

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 Fig 3: Flow chart of CMPC

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 Fig 4: Comprehensive control block diagram of multiple DCES in an m-bus DC micro grid

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 FEATURE WORK

• Case study
• 1. 48V five bus DC micro grid without DCES
• 2. 48V five bus DC micro grid with DCES
• 3. 48V five bus DC micro grid multiple DCES

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 REFERANCES
[1] S. Y. R. Hui, C. K. Lee, and F. F. Wu, “Electric springs—A new
smart grid technology,” IEEE Trans. Smart Grid, vol. 3, no. 3, pp.
1552–1561, Sep. 2012.
[2] K.-T. Mok, M.-H. Wang, S.-C. Tan, and S. Y. R. Hui, “DC electric
springs—A technology for stabilizing DC power distribution
systems,” IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 32, no. 2, pp. 1088–
1105, Feb. 2017.
[3] M.-H. Wang, K.-T. Mok, S.-C. Tan, and S. Y. R. Hui,
“Multifunctional DC electric springs for improving voltage quality
of DC grids,” IEEE Trans. Smart Grid, to be published.
[4] M.-H. Wang, S.-C. Tan, and S. Y. R. Hui, “Reduction of storage
capacity in DC microgrids using PV-embedded series DC electric
springs,” in Proc. IEEE Appl. Power Electron. Conf. Expo., Long
Beach, CA, USA, 2016, pp. 3302–3309.
[5] J. Maciejowski, Predictive Control With Constraints. Harlow, U.K.:
Prentice-Hall, 2002.

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