FIBRAS NOMEX

Ernesto Vicuña Islas

Fisicoquímica de Polímeros
Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla.
Introducción

Nomex es una marca registrada de un material

de aramida resistente a las llamas desarrollado
a principio de la década de los años 1960 por
DuPont.
 Nomex es el primer ejemplo de aramida "meta", mientras que el
Kevlar es una aramida "para". Esto hace que, a diferencia del
Kevlar, el Nomex no se pueda alinear durante la formación de
filamentos y tenga una resistencia más pobre en comparación. Sin
embargo, es un excelente material polímero en cuanto a su
resistencia térmica, química y a la radiación.
 The synthesis of aromatic polyamides (referred to as aramid
polymers) is difficult to carry out using diacid and diamine reactants
because of the lower reactivity of aromatic amines compared to
aliphatic amines. The aromatic ring decreases the electron density
of nitrogen through resonance interaction.
 The elevated temperatures required to achieve polymerization are
generally too high, resulting in extensive side reactions that limit
polymer molecular weight.
 Aromatic polyamides are produced by using the reaction of a
diamine with a diacid chloride, for example, poly(imino-1,3-
phenyleneiminoisophthaloyl) (trade name: Nomex).
Polimerization

 The polymerization is carried out in solution at temperatures under

100 °C

 Highly polar aprotic solvents such as dimethylacetamide have been

used to prevent premature precipitation of the growing polyamide
chains.

 The presence of LiCl or CaCl2 promotes solubilization of the

polymer, which decreases the hydrogenbonding between amide
groups.
Uses
The use of aramid polymers is limited to those applications that
justify the high cost.

 Very high flame resistance (clothing for firefighters and welders)

 Heat resistance (insulation film for electrical motors and

transformers, aerospace and military)

 Strength (circuit boards, bulletproof vests, automobile tire cord,

puncture-resistant bicycle tires).
Referencias

 G. Odian, “Principles of Polymerization”, 4th Ed., 2004, Ed. John Wiley &
Sons, Inc., P. 100-102.
BENEMÉRITA UNIVERSIDAD
AUTÓNOMA DE PUEBLA
FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS QUÍMICAS

LICENCIATURA EN QUIMICA

FISICOQUÍMICA DE POLÍMEROS

“NOMEX”
PRESENTA: JOSÉ MARTÍN HERNÁNDEZ GIRÓN
 TIPOS DE ARAMIDAS
PARA-AMIDAS
KEVLAR ®

para-fenilendiamina Cloruro de tereftaloilo

Poli(parafenileno tereftalamida)
Kevlar ®
 META-AMIDAS
NOMEX®

Poli(metafenileno isoftalamida)
meta-fenilendiamina Acido isoftalico
Nomex®