Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
www.huawei.com
1- FAQs
Frame Structure//Throughput Calculations etc
2- Reselection
3- SIBs
3- Registration IDLE Mode
4-Paging
5-Handover
6-DL Power
Control Connected Mode
7-DL Scheduling
8-ANR Self Optimization Network
9-ICIC
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FAQs
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Frame Structure (FDD)
Related Concept
1- Radio Frame
2-Subframe
3-Slot
4- Subcarrier
5- Resource Block (Scheduling Minimum Unit)
6- Resource Element
Channel RB Subcarrier
BW (MHz) Number Number
1.4 6 72
3 15 180
5 25 300
10 50 600
15 75 900
20 100 1200
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Number of Scheduled User in 1 TTI
Scheduling information is in PDCCH frame.
Take 6 as example:
Total Number of bits for PDCCH in 1 TTI=100*12*3*6=21600
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Downlink Calculation
Downlink maximum throughput = Number of RB × 12 (Number of Sub-carrier with
one RB) × 14 (Number of Symbols with a Sub-frame) × [ 1 - (RS overhead and PDCCH
overhead) ] × Modulation symbols efficiency × MIMO × 1000 (Number of Sub-frame
in one second) × Coding rate
Example:
Calculate the FDD LTE system 10M, 2 * 2 MIMO, 64QAM, the Coding rate is 1.
The single cell downlink physical layer theory rate = 50*12*14*(1-(2/21+1/21))*6*2*1000*1 =82.4Mbps
50 50 RB
12 One RB includes 12 sub-carrier
14 A sub-frame 14 symbol
6 64QAM each symbol represents 6 bits
2 2*2 MIMO
1000 1s=1000ms
2/21 RS overhead (total symbol of one RB=12*14=168, RS symbol number=16, 16/168=2/21)
1/21 PDCCH overhead (If downlink sub-frame PDCCH accounted for only a symbol, and the PDCCH symbol is the first
symbol of the sub-frame, this is the minimal overhead in PDCCH, a downlink sub-frame occupies 8 subcarriers, so the
minimal PDCCH overhead is 8 symbols, 8 / (14 * 12) =8/168= 1/21.
82.4Mbps this is an ideal value, because the SCH, BCH also take up some of the resources, and consider the coding rate,
the actual Downlink peak rate around 70Mbps Page 6
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Uplink Calculation
Uplink maximum throughput = Number of RB × 12 (Number of Sub-carrier with one RB) ×
14 (Number of Symbols with a Sub-frame) × ( 1 - RS overhead ) × Modulation symbols efficiency ×
1000 (Number of Sub-frame in one second) × Coding rate
Example:
Calculate the FDD LTE system 10M, None MIMO, 16QAM, the Coding rate is 1.
The UE uplink physical layer theory rate = 46*12*14*(1-1/7)*4*1000*1=26.5Mbps
46 46 RB
12 One RB includes 12 sub-carrier
14 A sub-frame 14 symbol
4 16QAM each symbol represents 4 bits
1 Coding rate
1/7Pilot overhead
1000 1s=1000ms
UE cat4 does not support 64QAM and MIMO in uplink, and consider the PUCCH occupied 4RB, the pilot overhead is 1/7,
the uplink can reach the peak rate 25.6Mbps, in fact should also consider the impact of sounding and PRACH, the uplink
peak rate around 25Mpbs
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Carrier Frequency EARFCN Calculation(3GPP : 36.104)
Channel raster Table 5.7.3-1 E-UTRA channel numbers
E-UTRA Downlink Uplink
Operating FDL_low [MHz] NOffs-DL Range of NDL FUL_low [MHz] NOffs-UL Range of NUL
The channel raster is 100 kHz for all bands, which Band
means that the carrier centre frequency must be an 1 2110 0 0 – 599 1920 18000 18000 – 18599
integer multiple of 100 kHz. 2 1930 600 600 - 1199 1850 18600 18600 – 19199
3 1805 1200 1200 – 1949 1710 19200 19200 – 19949
4 2110 1950 1950 – 2399 1710 19950 19950 – 20399
Carrier frequency and EARFCN 5
6
869
875
2400
2650
2400 – 2649
2650 – 2749
824
830
20400 20400 – 20649
20650 20650 – 20749
The carrier frequency in the uplink and downlink is 7 2620 2750 2750 – 3449 2500 20750 20750 – 21449
designated by the E-UTRA Absolute Radio Frequency 8 925 3450 3450 – 3799 880 21450 21450 – 21799
Channel Number (EARFCN) in the range 0 - 65535. 9 1844.9 3800 3800 – 4149 1749.9 21800 21800 – 22149
10 2110 4150 4150 – 4749 1710 22150 22150 – 22749
The relation between EARFCN and the carrier frequency 11 1475.9 4750 4750 – 4949 1427.9 22750 22750 – 22949
in MHz for the downlink is given by the following equation, 12 728 5000 5000 – 5179 698 23000 23000 – 23179
where FDL_low and NOffs-DL are given in table 5.7.3-1 and 13 746 5180 5180 – 5279 777 23180 23180 – 23279
NDL is the downlink EARFCN. 14 758 5280 5280 – 5379 788 23280 23280 – 23379
…
17 734 5730 5730 – 5849 704 23730 23730 – 23849
FDL = FDL_low + 0.1(NDL – NOffs-DL) 18
19
860
875
5850
6000
5850 – 5999
6000 – 6149
815
830
23850 23850 – 23999
24000 24000 – 24149
20 791 6150 6150 - 6449 832 24150 24150 - 24449
21 1495.9 6450 6450 – 6599 1447.9 24450 24450 – 24599
The relation between EARFCN and the carrier frequency
…
in MHz for the uplink is given by the following equation 33 1900 36000 36000 – 36199 1900 36000 36000 – 36199
where FUL_low and NOffs-UL are given in table 5.7.3-1 and 34 2010 36200 36200 – 36349 2010 36200 36200 – 36349
NUL is the uplink EARFCN. 35 1850 36350 36350 – 36949 1850 36350 36350 – 36949
36 1930 36950 36950 – 37549 1930 36950 36950 – 37549
37 1910 37550 37550 – 37749 1910 37550 37550 – 37749
FUL = FUL_low + 0.1(NUL – NOffs-UL) 38
39
2570
1880
37750
38250
37750 – 38249
38250 – 38649
2570
1880
37750 37750 – 38249
38250 38250 – 38649
40 2300 38650 38650 – 39649 2300 38650 38650 – 39649
NOTE: The channel numbers that designate carrier frequencies so close to the operating band edges that the carrier
extends beyond the operating band edge shall not be used. This implies that the first 7, 15, 25, 50, 75 and 100
channel numbers at the lower operating band edge and the last 6, 14, 24, 49, 74 and 99 channel numbers at the
upper operating band edge shall not be used for channel bandwidths of 1.4, 3, 5, 10, 15 and 20 MHz respectively.
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Example
Or
NDL (EARFCN)=10*(1815-1805)+1200
NDL (EARFCN)=1300
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IDLE Mode Behavior
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Idle Mode Overview
A UE that is powered on but does not have an RRC connection to the radio network
is defined as being in idle mode. In the case of idle mode management, the eNodeB
sends configurations by broadcasting system information, and accordingly, UEs select
suitable cells to camp on. Idle mode management can increase the access success rate,
improve the quality of service, and ensure that UEs camp on cells with good signal
quality.
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PLMN Selection
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Cell Selection & Reselection
Cell search is a procedure in which a UE achieves time and frequency
synchronization with a cell, obtains the physical cell ID, and learns the
signal quality and other information about the cell based on the
physical cell ID. Before selecting or reselecting a cell, a UE performs
a cell search on all carrier frequencies.
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Cell Selection Criteria
During cell selection, a UE needs to check whether a cell fulfills the cell selection criteria. The cell selection is based
on the RSRP of the E-UTRAN cell. Before a UE can select a cell to camp on, the RSRP of the cell must be higher than
the user-defined minimum receive (RX) level Qrxlevmin of the cell.
The formula for cell selection decision is as follows:
Srxlev > 0
Qrxlevmeas is the measured RX level in the cell (RSRP), expressed in decibels with reference to one milliwatt (dBm).
Qrxlevmin is the minimum required RX level (set in the eNodeB) in the cell, expressed in units of dBm.
Qrxlevminoffset is the offset to Qrxlevmin. This offset is taken into account when the UE attempts to camp on a cell in
a higher-priority PLMN. That is, when camped on a cell in a VPLMN, the UE considers this offset parameter, which
was signaled from the associated cell in the higher-priority PLMN, in the Srxlev evaluation.
Pcompensation is generated according to the function max(PMax - UE Maximum Output Power, 0). The value is
expressed in decibels (dB).
PMax is the maximum allowed transmit power of the UE in the cell, expressed in units of dBm. It is used in uplink
transmission.
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Cell Reselection
The signal strength of both serving cell and neighboring cells varies with the
movement of UE and so the UE need to select the most suitable cell to camp on.
This process is called cell reselection.
Intra frequency
Interfrequency (within LTE)
InterRAT ( LTE to Other RAT)
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Intra frequency Measurement
If the intra frequency measurement triggering threshold is not configured, the UE
performs intra frequency measurements always.
If the intra frequency measurement triggering threshold is configured:
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Inter Frequency // RAT Measurement
For the neighbor with higher priority
The UE always perform inter frequency / RAT measurement
From SIB, UE can get the serving cell & inter frequency / RAT neighbors’ priority
For the high priority cells, UE measure them always, for low priority cells, UE measure them incase of serving cell signal is lower
Than threshold.
The intra frequency cells have the same frequency priority, frequencies of different RATs must have different priorities
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Intra Frequency//Same Priority Cell Reselection
Decision
A UE makes a cell reselection decision according to cell reselection criteria. When making a decision on reselection to an intra-
frequency or equal-priority inter-frequency cell, the UE checks whether the signal quality of a neighboring cell is higher than that of the
serving cell. The UE evaluates the neighboring cell only after the cell meets the cell selection criteria.
The cell-ranking criteria R_s for the serving cell and R_n for neighboring cells are defined as follows:
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Inter-RAT/Inter Frequency High Priority Cell
Reselection Decision
For the high priority cells, the UE perform cell reselection if following conditions
are met:
Note: If the highest cell is unsuitable because is part of list of forbidden Tac for roaming or it does
not belong to registered PLMN or an EPLMN, the UE does not consider this cell as candidate for
reselection for a maximum of 300 seconds.
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Inter-RAT/Inter-Frequency low Priority Cell
Reselection Decision
For low priority cells, the UE perform cell reselection if the following condition are
met:
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System Information Block Contents
SI Block Content
MIB Downlink bandwidth of a cell, Physical HARQ Indication Channel (PHICH) parameters, and System Frame
Number (SFN)
SIB1 Parameters related to cell access and cell selection and scheduling information of SI messages
SIB2 Common radio parameters used by all the UEs in a cell
SIB3 Common cell reselection parameters for all the cells and intra-frequency cell reselection parameters
SIB4 Intra-frequency neighboring cell list, reselection parameters of each neighboring cell used for cell
reselection, and intra-frequency cell reselection blacklist
SIB5 Inter-frequency E-UTRA Absolute Radio Frequency Channel Number (EARFCN) list and reselection
parameters of each EARFCN used for cell reselection
Inter-frequency cell list and reselection parameters of each neighboring cell used for cell reselection
Inter-frequency cell reselection blacklist
SIB6 UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA) Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) neighboring EARFCN list and
reselection parameters of each EARFCN used for cell reselection
UTRA Time Division Duplex (TDD) neighboring EARFCN list and reselection parameters of each EARFCN
used for cell reselection
SIB7 GERAN neighboring EARFCN list and reselection parameters of each EARFCN used for cell reselection
SIB8 CDMA2000 pre-registration information
CDMA2000 neighboring frequency band list and reselection parameters of each band used for cell
reselection
CDMA2000 neighboring cell list of neighboring frequency band
SIB9 Name of the home eNodeB
SIB10 Earthquake and Tsunami Warning System (ETWS) primary notification
SIB11 ETWS secondary notification
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MIB
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System Information Type-1
1- MCC/MNC
2- Tracking area code: TAC
3- Cell identity
SIB1 Parameters related to cell access and cell selection and scheduling information of SI messages
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System Information (Sib-3)
SIB3 Common cell reselection parameters for all the cells and intra-frequency cell reselection parameters
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System Information(Sib-4//Sib-6)
SIB6 UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA) Frequency Division Duplex (FDD)
neighboring EARFCN list and reselection parameters of each EARFCN
SIB4 Intra-frequency neighboring cell list, reselection parameters of used for cell reselection
each neighboring cell used for cell reselection, and intra-
UTRA Time Division Duplex (TDD) neighboring EARFCN list and
frequency cell reselection blacklist
reselection parameters of each EARFCN used for cell reselection
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Tracking Area Registration
EPC send paging messages to all enodeB in the TA. A TA is identified by
Tracking area identifier (TAI), which consist of MCC+MNC+TAC
TA in SIB1:
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Attach//Detach
When a UE needs to obtain service from a network but is not registered to the
network, the UE perform an attach procedure for TA registration
When the UE fails to access the EPC or the EPC doesn’t allow the access of the
UE, a detach procedure is initiated. After the detach procedure, EPC no longer
pages the UE.
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TA Update (Periodic + Normal)
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Paging Monitoring Procedure
Key Concept
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SFN for PF
SFN mod T = (T div N) x (UE_ID mod N)
Meaning of Parameters For Subframe PO
The subframe number i_s of a PO is derived from the following formula:
i_s =Floor (UE_ID/N) mod Ns
T=DRX Cycle
N=N is min(T,NB). The NB parameter specifies the number of PO subframes in a DRX cycle. Based on the actual
configuration on the eNodeB, NB can be set to 4T, 2T, T, T/2, T/4, T/8, T/16, or T/32.
Ns =max(1,NB/T).
UE_ID is IMSI mod 1024.
SIB-2
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Understanding of NB
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SFN for PF
SFN mod T = (T div N) x (UE_ID mod N)
Example
For Subframe PO
IMSI: IMSI(448835805669362) The subframe number i_s of a PO is derived from the following formula:
i_s =Floor (UE_ID/N) mod Ns
N=N is min(T,NB) N=min(T,T) T=128
Ns =max(1,NB/T) Ns=max(1,NB/T) Ns=max(1,T/T) 1
UE_ID is IMSI mod 1024 (448835805669362) mod 1024=1010
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
PO
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Connected Mode
Handover
Power Control (DL)
Scheduling (DL)
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Handover Procedure
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Mobility Management Overview
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Handover Procedures Entities
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Measurement Triggering
Only voice
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Handover Events
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Key Concept
Step Direction Message Target Cell Memo
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Gap Mode
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Intra-Frequency handover
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Handover Procedure
LTE Vs WCDMA Jargon
RRC Connection Reconfiguration == Measurement Control
Measurement Report == Measurement Report
RRC Connection Reconfiguration == Physical Channel
Reconfiguration or ActiveSetUpdate
RRC Connection Reconfiguration Complete == Physical
Channel Reconfiguration Complete or
ActiveSetUpdateComplete
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The data forwarding process is as follows: After the source
eNodeB sends a handover command to the UE, the UE
detaches the connection from the source eNodeB. The source
eNodeB then forwards the uplink (UL) data that is received out
of order and the DL data to be transmitted, to the target
eNodeB.
Data forwarding prevents a decrease in the data transfer ratio
and an increase in the data transfer delay that are caused by
user data loss during the handover.
Intra-eNodeB handovers do not require data forwarding. In
the case of inter-eNodeB handover, the source eNodeB selects
a data forwarding path by using the X2/S1 adaptation
mechanism.
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When a handover fails, the UE performs a cell selection
procedure and then initiates a procedure of RRC connection re-
establishment towards the selected cell. The eNodeB makes a
decision based on whether the context of the UE is present or
not. If the eNodeB accepts the re-establishment request, the
UE accesses the selected cell, thus avoiding drop of the call
caused by the handover failure.
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Inter-Frequency Measurement
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Event A2 Triggering Algorithm
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Event A1 Stop Algorithm
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Event A4 Handover Execution
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Inter-RAT Measurement
Measurement Trigger
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Measurement Object
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Handover Trigger B1 Event
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LTE UMTS PS Handover Flow
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Power Control
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Classification of Power Control
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Downlink Power Control Classification
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Cell Specific RS Power Setting
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Synchronization Signal Power Setting
The offset of the power for the P-SCH and S-SCH against the
power for the cell-specific reference signal is set through the
SchPwr parameter.
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PBCH/PCFICH Power Setting
The offset of the power for the PBCH against the power for the
cell-specific reference signal is set through the PbchPwr
parameter.
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PDCCH/PDSCH Power Setting
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Dynamic Power Control - PHICH
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Dynamic Power Control - PDCCH
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PDSCH Power Presentation
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Automatic Neighbor Relation
ANR is a self-optimization function. It automatically maintains the integrity and effectiveness of neighbor cell lists (NCLs) to
increase handover success rates and improve network performance. In addition, ANR does not require manual intervention,
which reduces the costs of network planning and optimization.
Neighbor relations are classified into normal and abnormal neighbor relations. Abnormal neighbor relations exist in the
cases of missing neighboring cells, unstable neighbor relations, PCI collisions, and abnormal neighboring cell
coverage. ANR automatically detects missing neighboring cells, PCI collisions, and abnormal neighboring cell coverage
and maintains neighbor relations.
ANR classifications
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Concepts Related to ANR
-NCL
-NRT
-TempNRT
-BlackList
-HO Black List
-X2 Black List
-WhiteList
-HO White List
-X2 White List
-PCI Collision
-Abnormal Neighbor Cell
coverage
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NCL
An NCL of a cell contains the information about the neighboring cells of a cell. Unless
otherwise stated, neighboring cells mentioned in this document exclude intra-eNodeB
neighboring cells. NCLs are classified into intra-RAT NCLs and inter-RAT NCLs. Each
cell has one intra-RAT NCL and multiple inter-RAT NCLs.
An NCL includes the ECGIs (for E-UTRAN cells) or CGIs (for inter-RAT cells), PCIs, and
EARFCNs of the neighboring cells.
The eNodeB adds newly detected neighboring cells to the NCL. The NCL is used as a
basis for creating neighbor relations. Neighboring cells in the NCL can be automatically
managed (for example, added, deleted, or modified) by ANR. They can also be
managed manually.
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NRT
An NRT of a cell contains the information about the neighbor relations between a cell and its neighboring cells
NRTs are classified into intra-RAT NRTs and inter-RAT NRTs. Each cell has one intra-RAT intra-frequency NR
one intra-RAT inter-frequency NRT, and multiple inter-RAT NRTs. The intra-RAT intra-frequency NRT and intra
intra-frequency NRT are referred to as the intra-RAT NRT in this document.
shows an example of the NRT. The information in this table is for reference only.
Table 3-1 An example of the NRT
SN LCI Local Cell TCI No Remove No HO
PLMN
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TempNRT
A TempNRT is a temporary NRT. It has the same data structure as the NRT. Each cell has an intra-RAT intra-frequency
TempNRT and an intra-RAT inter-frequency TempNRT but does not have an inter-RAT TempNRT. The Intra-RAT intra-
frequency TempNRT and intra-RAT intra-frequency TempNRT are referred to as the intra-RAT TempNRT in this document.
After detecting a new intra-RAT neighbor relation, the eNodeB adds it to the intra-RAT TempNRT. Then, the eNodeB
regularly maintains the neighbor relation in the TempNRT. If the new neighbor relation is normal, the eNodeB adds it to the
intra-RAT NRT.
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Blacklist
HO Blacklist
An HO blacklist contains the information about neighbor relations that cannot be used for a handover or removed automatically
from the NRT by ANR. The neighbor relations in the HO blacklist must meet the following conditions:
NO Remove = TRUE
NO HO = TRUE
A neighbor relation can be added to the HO blacklist manually.
X2 Blacklist
An X2 blacklist contains the information about an eNodeB and its neighboring eNodeBs. X2 interfaces cannot be set up
automatically between the eNodeB and the neighboring eNodeBs. If an X2 interface has been set up, it will be removed
automatically.
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Whitelist
HO Whitelist
An HO whitelist [1] contains the information about neighbor relations that can be used for a handover but cannot be removed
automatically from the NRT by ANR. The neighbor relations in the HO whitelist must meet the following conditions:
NO Remove = TRUE
NO HO = FALSE
A neighbor relation can be added to the HO whitelist manually.
X2 Whitelist
An X2 whitelist contains the information about an eNodeB and its neighboring eNodeBs. The X2 interfaces established between
the eNodeB and the neighboring eNodeBs cannot be removed automatically
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PCI
A PCI is the identifier of a physical cell. A maximum of 504 PCIs are supported, according to reference document. Therefore, PCI
collisions occur inevitably. PCI collisions negatively affect handover performance and the handover success rate. For details about
PCI collision handling,
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Abnormal Neighboring Cell Coverage
Abnormal neighboring cell coverage (also called cross-cell coverage) refers to the coverage of a cell that is not a neighboring cell
of the serving cell but can be detected by a UE in the serving cell. The eNodeB regards this cell as a neighboring cell of the
serving cell and therefore attempts to add the neighbor relation to the NRT,. The signals of an abnormal neighboring cell are
generally unstable and therefore the success rate of handovers to this cell is low. The coverage of neighboring cells may be
abnormal in any of the following scenarios:
l The antenna tilt or orientation changes because of improper installation or a natural phenomenon such as strong wind.
l In mountains, the signals of the umbrella cell cover lower cells.
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Classification of ANR
Intra-RAT ANR
Intra-RAT Fast ANR
Inter-RAT ANR
Inter-RAT Fast ANR
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Intra-RAT ANR
1. The source eNodeB delivers the inter-frequency measurement
configuration to the UE and requests the UE to measure inter-frequency
neighboring cells that meet the measurement configuration.
2. The UE detects that the PCI of cell B meets the measurement configuration and Source Neighbor
reports it to the source eNodeB. Then, the source eNodeB checks whether the intra-
RAT NCL of cell A includes the PCI of cell B. If yes, the procedure ends. If no, the
following steps continue.
3. The source eNodeB instructs the UE, using the newly discovered PCI as a
parameter, to read the ECGI, Tracking Area Code (TAC), and PLMN ID list of cell B.
4. The source eNodeB schedules appropriate idle periods to allow the UE to read
the ECGI, TAC, and PLMN ID list of cell B over the broadcast channel (BCH).
5. The UE reports the detected ECGI, TAC, and PLMN ID list of cell B to the source
eNodeB.
The source eNodeB adds the newly detected neighboring cell of cell B to the intra-RAT NCL of
cell A and adds the neighbor relation to the intra-RAT TempNRT
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Intra-RAT Fast ANR
Before a UE performs handovers, the eNodeB can obtain the information about all neighboring cells with the signal quality
reaching or exceeding certain RSRP (it is specified by the FastAnrRsrpThd parameter) based on the reporting of periodic UE
measurements. This reduces the impact of event-triggered UE measurements on handover performance when the UE
performs handovers.
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Inter-RAT ANR
1. The source eNodeB delivers the inter-RAT measurement configuration
(including target RATs and EARFCNs) to the UE, activates the measurement
gap mode, and instructs the UE to measure the neighboring cells that meet
the measurement configuration.
3. The source eNodeB instructs the UE, using the newly discovered PCI as a
parameter, to read other parameters of cell B, such as CGI.
5. The UE reports the source eNodeB the CGI and other parameters of cell B.
The source eNodeB adds the newly detected neighboring cell to its inter-RAT NCL and
adds the neighbor relation to the inter-RAT NRT.
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Inter-RAT Fast ANR
After inter-RAT fast ANR is activated, the eNodeB delivers the inter-RAT measurement configuration to the UE and instructs the
UE to detect neighboring GERAN, UTRAN, and CDMA cells by using periodic measurements.
The principles of inter-RAT fast ANR are the same as those of intra-RAT fast ANR
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PCI Collision Handling
A PCI collision occurs if two cells in an NCL have the same PCI but different ECGIs. PCI collisions may be caused by improper
network planning or abnormal neighboring cell coverage (also known as cross-cell coverage). If two intra-frequency neighboring
cells have the same PCI, interference will be caused.
When a PCI collision occurs, the eNodeB cannot determine the target cell for a handover. This deteriorates the handover
performance and reduces the handover success rate. Therefore, eliminating PCI collisions is an important issue in network
optimization.
After a PCI collision is eliminated, the PCI is unique in the coverage area of the cell and unique in the neighbor relations of the
cell.
PCI collision detections are triggered after intra-RAT ANR updates neighboring cells. PCI collision handling involves automatically
detecting PCI collisions and reallocating PCIs.
PCI reallocation is a process of allocating a new PCI to a cell whose PCI collides with the PCI of another cell. This aims to
eliminate PCI collisions.
If Optimization Analysis Mode is set to Immediate or Scheduled, the M2000 triggers PCI reallocation in the mode specified
by the value of Optimization Analysis Mode. The M2000 also provides suggestions on PCI reallocation upon receiving a PCI
collision alarm.
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Overview ICIC
ICIC
All physical resource blocks (PRBs) occupied by user equipment (UEs) in
a cell are mutually orthogonal in the frequency domain; therefore,
intra-cell interference is very low. However, inter-cell interference is
relatively high because the frequency reuse factor is 1, in which case DL UL
every cell can provide services over the entire system band. For cell
edge users (CEUs), the impact of the inter-cell interference is especially
severe. Therefore, to increase the cell capacity and CEU throughput, Static Dynamic Static Dynamic
inter-cell interference must be mitigated.
ICIC is a technology that collaborates with power control and media access control (MAC) scheduling technologies to
mitigate inter-cell interference. ICIC divides the entire system band into three frequency bands and uses different
frequency bands at the edge of neighboring cells. CEUs, which cause high interference or may be sensitive to
interference, are preferentially scheduled in the cell edge bands to mitigate inter-cell interference. The interference
mitigation enhances the network coverage and improves the CEU throughput
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Technical Principles of ICIC
Key Concept:
A3 Event for ICIC
CEU/CCU
Power Control
MAC Scheduling
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CEU/CCU Identification
Principles
When initially accessing a network, a UE is recognized as a CCU by the serving cell; after a handover, the UE is recognized as a
CEU by the target cell. After a short period following the initial access or handover, the eNodeB starts to use event A3 for ICIC
(referred to as ICIC event A3 in this document) to determine whether the UEs are CEUs or CCUs.
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ICIC Event A3 Based on RSRP Measurement
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Entering Condition for ICIC Event A3
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Leaving Condition for ICIC Event A3
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More Parameter of ICIC Event A3
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Edge Band Mode Assignment
Edge band mode assignment is a technique of allocating
different edge bands to neighboring cells. There are three edge
band modes: MODE1, MODE2, and MODE3, whichrepresent
low-, medium-, and high-frequency bands, respectively. The
bandwidth of each band is about 1/3 of the physical downlink
shared channel (PDSCH) or physical uplink shared channel
(PUSCH) bandwidth. The PRBs available to CEUs in a cell using a
specific edge band mode correlate with the ICIC policy and
system bandwidth. The policy can be either dynamic ICIC or
static ICIC.
If there are three cells per eNodeB, as shown in Figure 3-2,
neighboring cells use different edge band modes so that CEUs
in the cells are served by different frequency bands in the
system band. Theoretically, the use of three edge band modes
can eliminate inter-cell interference in the frequency domain.
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Edge Band Adjustment (Only in Dynamic ICIC)
There are two ICIC policies: static ICIC and dynamic ICIC. The difference between them is that only dynamic ICIC adjusts edge
bands.
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Scheduling
The eNodeB implements scheduling at the media access control (MAC) layer and provides time-frequency resources for uplink
and downlink through scheduling. On the premise of guaranteed quality of service (QoS), scheduling aims to transmit data on
the channel with better quality and maximize system throughput by using different channel qualities among UEs.
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Scheduling Policies
Max C/I
l Round robin (RR)
l Proportional fair (PF)
l Enhanced proportional fair (EPF)
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Scheduling Scheme
Semi Persistent
Dynamic
Semi-Persistent Scheduling
Semi-persistent scheduling is introduced to reduce the overhead of control signaling. Semi-persistent scheduling is a
process where one user uses the same time-and-frequency resources in a specified semi-persistent scheduling period (20
ms in Huawei eNodeB) until they are released. Semi-persistent scheduling is mainly used for processing services with a
constant rate, regular packet arrival, and low delay requirements, such as the Voice over IP (VoIP). By adopting semi-
persistent scheduling, VoIP services can save the overhead of control signaling and increase the VoIP capacity.
Dynamic Scheduling
In dynamic scheduling, scheduling is performed every Transmission Time Interval (TTI) of 1 ms and all the UEs to be
scheduled are notified with the scheduling information through control signaling within this TTI. Dynamic scheduling has
no requirements on the size and arrival time of data packets. Therefore, dynamic scheduling is applicable for all services.
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DL Scheduler
Downlink scheduling allocates time-and-frequency resources at
the Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH) for transmission
of system messages and downlink data. Downlink scheduling
described in this chapter is based on the EPF scheduling
strategy.
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DL Scheduling
VoIP service
The VoIP service experiencing semi-persistent scheduling has the highest
priority. Semi-persistent scheduling is used in the talk spurts of the VoIP
services.
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VOIP
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Control-Plane Data and IMS Signaling
The scheduling priority of control-plane data is only lower than that of VoIP services. Control-plane data is subject to
dynamic scheduling. Control-plane data consists of common control messages and UE-level control messages. The
scheduling of IMS signaling is the same as that of UE-level control messages. Handover and Power control is also UE-
Level Control messages.
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HAQR Retransmission Data
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Total Process of Other Services Prioritization
*UEs that experience semi-persistent scheduling in the current TTI
*UEs that experience HARQ retransmission scheduling in the current TTI
*UEs that run out of HARQ process numbers
*UEs that enter the measurement gap
*UEs that enter the DRX dormant period
*UEs that stay out of synchronization and have failed radio links
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Prioritization of Remaining Services
Prioritization of Non-GBR Service
CQI
The service with higher spectral efficiency of the corresponding wideband CQI has a Max C/I
higher priority.
UE differentiation factor
ARP
The UE differentiation factor reflects the priority of UEs of different levels. The UE with Allocation Retention Priority
a higher level set by operators has a higher priority in scheduling.
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Prioritization of GBR
Prioritization of GBR Service
Channel quality
The instantaneous channel quality of the UE is taken into account. The UE with Max C/I
better instantaneous channel quality has a higher priority. In the case of the same
channel quality, the GBR service with QCI of 1 has a higher priority than other GBR
services.
Delay
The closer the waiting time of the first packet in the buffer is to the Packet Delay PF
Budget (PDB), the higher the priority is. The PDB value depends on the QCI.
Relative priority
The prioritization of GBR services is different from that of non-GBR services. This
factor is added to compare the priority of GBR services with that of non-GBR SPI
services. Service Priority Indicator
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MCS Selection & Resource Allocation
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Calculation of Throughput based on MCS
If you know the MCS index, you can calculate the throughput for that specific MCS index as follows:
Calculation Procedure for downlink(PDSCH) is as follows :
i) refer to TS36.213 Table 7.1.7.1-1
ii) get I_TBS for using MCS value (ex, I_TBS is 21 if MCS is 23)
iii) refer to TS36.213 Table7.1.7.2.1
iv) go to column header indicating the number of RB
v) go to row header ‘21’ which is I_TBS
vi) you would get 51024 (if the number of RB is 100 and I_TBS is 21)
vii) (This is Transfer Block Size per 1 ms for one Antenna)
If we use 2 antenna, it is 51024 bits * 2 Antenna * 1000 ms = about 100 Mbps
Calculation Procedure for uplink(PUSCH) is as follows :
Same as the downlink as above except that you have to refer to 36.213 Table 8.6.1-1 at step i)
Uplink Analysis Parameter Calculation
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