Lesson

11

Environmental Crisis and

Sustainable Development
 Environmental Issues in Manila

1 fetid smell from

uncollected garbage 4 oil spots on the river

2 traffic
5 tons of effluents

3 smoke/smog
The World’s
Leading
Environmental
Problems
 The World’s Leading Environmental Problems

1
Depredation,
defiling of the sea
and dumping of
urban waste

Changes in global
weather patterns, 2
surges in ocean and
land temperatures,
and flooding many
lowland areas
Overpopulation
3
 The World’s Leading Environmental Problems

4
Exhaustion of the
world's natural non-
renewable resources

Waste disposal
catastrophe and 5
dumping of nuclear
waste

The destruction of
million-year-old 6
ecosystems and the
loss of biodiversity
 The World’s Leading Environmental Problems

Reduction of
oxygen and the 7
increase in carbon
dioxide in the
atmosphere Depletion of
the ozone layer
8
Deadly acid
rain
9
Water
pollution
10
 The World’s Leading Environmental Problems

Urban sprawls
11
Pandemics and other
threats to public
12
health

Radical alteration
of food systems
13
Many of these problem are caused by
natural changes

Kilauea Volcano has been releasing

more than twice the amount of noxious
sulfur dioxide gas (SO2)

Mount Pinatubo erupted in June 15, 2001

and created a hazy layer of aerosol
particles comprised primarily of sulfuric
acid droplets
Is tourism beneficial
to an environment?
Bring out the fact that all the life
forms on earth have the right to live.
By destroying nature, we are denying
this right to the other life forms.

Respecting the existence of not just

other humans but also the non human
entities, and recognizing their right to
live is our primary duty.
With environmental ethics, morality
extends to the non human
world(definition of ethics)
Man – made Pollution
• Humans exacerbate other natural
environmental problems.

• “HUMAN CONTRIBUTION”
Man-made Pollutants
- can threaten human health and compromise the natural
ecosystem and environment.

Man-made Pollution
- byproduct of human actions such as consumption,
waste disposal, industrial production, transportation and
energy generation.

Particulate Matter Concentrations

- the amount of fine particulate matter in the air.
Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is very small, measuring
less than 2.5 microns or 1/25 the width of a human hair -
yet it poses a significant health risk when inhaled.
 Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

- Sandstorms combined with

combustion exhaust from
traffic and industrial waste.
-One of the most polluted
cities in the world.
-In Saudi Arabia, Jeddah is
the only municipality
reporting to WHO.
Hunan and Zhuzhuo, China

Coal fumes and heavy metals from mines

threatening the food supply.

z
 Greenpeace, India

Air pollution was at its

worst in 2015, triggered
by inadequate monitoring
system by the government
 Nigeria

- World Health Organization

warned Nigeria as reaching the
dangerous level of air pollution
exposure with 94% of its
population
- Indoors and outdoors,
air pollution is killing more
urban residents today
Gaborone, Capital of Botswana

• 7th most polluted city in the world.

z
 Mining
Triggers
Pollution
 Mining Triggers Pollution

Copper Mine in
Malanjkhand, India
- discharges high levels
of toxic heavy metals
into water streams
Shanxi Maanqiao
Ecological Mining Ltd. in West Virginia
China
- “pumped chemical-
- “have caused pollution laden waste water
and safety problems” directly into the ground,
where it can leech into
- “toxic byproducts of the water table and turn
production processes are what had been drinkable
being produced much water into a poisonous
more rapidly than the cocktail of chemicals”
earth can absorb”

A B C
 It has been the
poor who are most
severely affected
by these
environmental
problems.

“Contributing to more than half

a million premature deaths each
year at the cost of hundreds of
billions of dollars.”
-Scientific American
Catching Up
 Major Environmental Problems

1 2 3 4

Pollution Resource Environmental Climate Change

Depletion
Degradation
 Fully – developed Country

Industrialized Urbanized Inhabited

 Fully – developed Country

Industrial Sector Agricultural Sector

- Provides public - Ensure maximized
transportation and productivity of
cheap food crops
 New York

- dominates the economy

of the state as the
leading center of
advertising, banking,
finance, media and
publishing in the U.S.
 The United States, however, did not
reach this high point without serious
environmental consequences.
- It was considered as the “worst
polluter” in the history

z
 Source of Greenhouse Gas in
United States as of 2017

Transportation – 29% Commercial and

residential – 12%

Electricity – 28% Agriculture – 9%

Industry – 22%
Five Most Polluting Countries

China - 30% CO2

emission

1
USA - 15% CO2
2 emission

3 India - 7% CO2
emission
4
5 Russia - 5% CO2
emission

Japan - 4% CO2
emission
 China, India, and Indonesia are in the
midst of frenzied effort to achieve and
sustain economic growth to catch up with
the West.

These “extractive” economies, however,

are “terminal” economies.

z
 How is environmental sustainability
ensured while simultaneously addressing
the development needs of poor
countries?
Climate
Change
Climate Change
- A broad range of global phenomena created
predominantly by burning fossil fuels, which add heat-
trapping gases to Earth’s atmosphere

Global Warming
Long-term warming of the planet since the early
20th century due to the increase in fossil fuel emissions

Greenhouse effect
Natural process that warms the Earth’s surface. It is
responsible for recurring heat waves and long droughts,
as well as for heavier rainfall and devastating
hurricanes and typhoons
Combating
Global
Warming
 The Kyoto Protocol
• Signed in 1997

• 192 countries signed

• Reduce greenhouse gasses

• The protocol set targets but left it to the individual countries

how best they would achieve these goals
Paris accord
• 195 countries in december 2015
• Seeks to limit the increase in the
global average temperature based
on targeted goals as recommended
by scientists
• Provides more leeway to countries
to decide on their national targets

z
Social movements - had better
working with some pressure
on their governments to
regulate global warming
 Combating Global Warming

1 2 3 4

South Africa El Salvador University of Chicago's Japan

energy policy institute
– environmental – crop diversification, – Pollution Diet of
activism reduction of industrial – coming up with 1970
sugar cane production, projects that “strike a
protection of lowlands balance between urgently
needed economic growth
and improved air
quality”
Is this the world we
had in mind?
Conclusion