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DEGGE @ FCUL
Introduction:
(Data Used)
Characterization of wind profile | Onshore point vs Offshore Point
1 - Feb - 2019
• The data cover the Earth on a 30km grid and resolve the atmosphere using
137 levels from the surface up to a height of 80km;
DEGGE @ FCUL 4
Introduction:
(Wind Profile SL)
Characterization of wind profile | Onshore point vs Offshore Point
1 - Feb - 2019
• The wind speed usually varies following a logarithmic law with height in the
surface layer;
Laminar Regime
Turbulent Regime
ഥ 𝑢∗
𝜕𝑀 𝑢∗ 𝑧
= (1) ഥ=
𝑀 ∗ log (2)
𝜕𝑧 𝑘𝑧 𝑘 𝑧0
Where:
ഥ is the mean wind speed; 𝑢∗ is the friction velocity; 𝑘 is the von
• 𝑀
Karman constant; 𝑧 is the geometric height and 𝑧0 is the initial
geometric height.
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Characterization of wind profile | Onshore point vs Offshore Point
1 - Feb - 2019
Fig. 2: Wind Profile as a function of height, for a logarithimic Fig. 3: Weibull distribuiton for onshore and
height scale and diferente atmospheric adiabatic lapse rates, offshore wind speeds, Wim Bierbooms Course
Stull (1988). OE5662 Notes.
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Introduction:
(Climatological Wind in
Algarve)
Characterization of wind profile | Onshore point vs Offshore Point
1 - Feb - 2019
Fig. 7: Trimestral climatologic wind velocity at 10 m height for the 1989-2007 period at the A2 domain, Francisco
Miguel Gaspar Chaves dissertation.
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Introduction:
(Motivation: Renewable
Energies)
Characterization of wind profile | Onshore point vs Offshore Point
1 - Feb - 2019
Fig. 8: Wind farms distribuiton in Portugal, Wind Fig. 9: Wind farms distribuiton in Portugal,
farms in Portugal, INEGI and APREN. S.Rodrigues et al.
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Introduction:
(Onshore Wind vs Offshore
Wind.)
Characterization of wind profile | Onshore point vs Offshore Point
1 - Feb - 2019
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Method:
Characterization of wind profile | Onshore point vs Offshore Point
1 - Feb - 2019
• Vectorial plot of mean wind speed at 106 m fo the year 2017in order to
compare with climatological data;
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Results:
Characterization of wind profile | Onshore point vs Offshore Point
1 - Feb - 2019
Fig. 10: Trimestral wind speed profile as a function of height (Jan-Mar; Apr-Jun), onshore (left) and offshore (right).
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Characterization of wind profile | Onshore point vs Offshore Point
1 - Feb - 2019
Fig. 11: Trimestral wind speed profile as a function of height (Jul-Sep; Oct-Dec), onshore (left) and offshore (right).
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Characterization of wind profile | Onshore point vs Offshore Point
1 - Feb - 2019
Fig. 12: Trimestral direciton profile as a function of height (Jan-Mar; Apr-Jun), onshore (left) and offshore (right).
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Characterization of wind profile | Onshore point vs Offshore Point
1 - Feb - 2019
Fig. 13: Trimestral wind speed profile as a function of height (Jul-Sep, Oct-Dec), onshore (left) and offshore (right).
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Characterization of wind profile | Onshore point vs Offshore Point
1 - Feb - 2019
Fig. 14: Frictional drag profile as a function of height , onshore (left) and offshore (right) obtained using equation 1.
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Characterization of wind profile | Onshore point vs Offshore Point
1 - Feb - 2019
Fig. 15:Anual evolution of zonal and meridional componentes of wind, onshore (left) and offshore (right).
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Characterization of wind profile | Onshore point vs Offshore Point
1 - Feb - 2019
Fig. 16:Anual evolution of wind direction and mean wind speed, onshore (left) and offshore (right).
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Characterization of wind profile | Onshore point vs Offshore Point
1 - Feb - 2019
a)
c)
b)
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Characterization of wind profile | Onshore point vs Offshore Point
1 - Feb - 2019
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Characterization of wind profile | Onshore point vs Offshore Point
1 - Feb - 2019
Fig. 19: Anual evolution and comparison of mean and direction componentes of the wind between onshore and offshore
poins at 106 m.
DEGGE @ FCUL 28
Characterization of wind profile | Onshore point vs Offshore Point
1 - Feb - 2019
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Conclusions:
Characterization of wind profile | Onshore point vs Offshore Point
1 - Feb - 2019
• Wind speed profile has a mainly “unstable” profile for the onshore point;
• Wind speed profile has a mainly “stable” profile for the offshore point, (not the
expected for the BL?);
• Frictional drag as a similar profile for the onshore point as for the offshore point
although this similarity might be affected by sazonality;
• The wind speed variable follows a Weibull distribuiton at 106 m height for the offshore
point;
• Although the mean values indicate that the wind speed has a bigger magnitude on
land, it might be due to the fact that the studied points were adjacent na increase in
the wind speed magnitude is expected for more distant offshore points (same applies
for wind direction, where mean wind direction and wind direction std are expected to
increase for more distant offshore point);
• Deaves D.M. And Lines, I.G.; (1997) “On the fitting of low mean windspeed data to the
Weibull distribution”; Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics; pages
169-178;
• Goh, S.L.; Chen, M.; Popovic, D.H.; Aihara, K.; Obradovic, D. And Mandic, D.P., (2006)
“Complex-Valued forecasting of wind profile”; Elsevier Reneable Energy 31 pages 1733-
1750;
• Hatteberg, Rachel, (2014) "Analysis of surface wind speed distributions: A look into
NARCCAP models and ASOS data throughout the Contiguous United States" .Graduate
Theses and Dissertations. 13882;
• Hsu S. A; Meindl, Eric A. And Gilhousen David B., (June 1994) “Determining the Power-
Law Wind-Profile Exponent Under Near-Neutral Stability Conditions at Sea”; Journal of
Applied Meteorology and Climatology pages 757-765;
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Characterization of wind profile | Onshore point vs Offshore Point
1 - Feb - 2019
• Justus, C. G.; Hargraves W.R.; Mikhail, Amir And Graber, Denise (March 1978) “Methods
for Estimating Wind Speed Frequency Distribuitons”; Journal of Applied Meteorology
and Climatology pages 350-353;
• Rodrigues, S.; Restrepo C.; Kontos, E., Teixeira Pinto, R.; Bauer, P.; (May 2015) “Trends
of offshore wind projects” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Review, pages 1115-
1121.
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