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Strategic
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Organizing to Implement Corporate Diversification
Alianzas Estratégicas
Strategic
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Organizing to Implement Corporate Diversification
Tres tipos
de
alianzas
Alianzas Joint
Sin capital Venture
Contratos Joint Equity
Alianzas con
• licencias capital Holdings
• acuerdos de • firma
proveduria y Cross Equity independiente
distribución Holdings es creada
• socios tienen
participación en
la otra empresa
Strategic
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Organizing to Implement Corporate Diversification
Creación
valor Crean el entorno competitivo
Strategic
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Organizing to Implement Corporate Diversification
Comparten riesgos
Strategic
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Organizing to Implement Corporate Diversification
Strategic
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Organizing to Implement Corporate Diversification
Salida de industrias
Manejo de incertidumbre
Strategic
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Organizing to Implement Corporate Diversification
Tres formas
de Selección Mala rep. de
perder valor adversa entradas
Proveer menor
Moral
valor al
Hazard prometido
Holdup
Strategic
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Organizing to Implement Corporate Diversification
Desarrollo Fusiones y
Interno adquisiciones
Si: si:
• no hay socios
Substitutos de las • no hay asuntos de
Alianzas estrategicas monopolios
• baja incertidumbre de una
• inversión específica inversión
es muy cara • firmas se pueden integrar
fácilmente
• baja incertidumbre de una
inversión • valor de las firmas
combinadas
Strategic
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Organizing to Implement Corporate Diversification
Formales
Contratos Inversiones de
Joint Ventures
explícitos capital
Strategic
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Organizing to Implement Corporate Diversification
Informal
Confianza Reputación
Strategic
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Organizing to Implement Corporate Diversification
Resumen
Los administradores de alianzas requieren:
Strategic
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Organizing to Implement Corporate Diversification
Resumen
Las alianzas generan ventajas competitivas si:
• los recursos complementarios cumplen con VRIO
• Alianzas estratégicas
• Fusiones y adquisiciones
Strategic
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Organizing to Implement Corporate Diversification
Fusiones y adquisiciones
Fusiones Adquisiciones
Strategic
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Organizing to Implement Corporate Diversification
Fusiones y adquisiciones
Fusiones Adquisiciones
Strategic
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Organizing to Implement Corporate Diversification
F&A y su valor
Lógica
No relacionadas
Relacionadas
Strategic
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Organizing to Implement Corporate Diversification
F&A
Tipos
Categorías
Relacionadas
Vertical » proveedores y clientes
Horizontal » competidores
Extensión de » productos complementarios
productos
Extensión de mkts » mkts complementarios
No relacionadas
Conglomerado » todo lo demás
Strategic
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Organizing to Implement Corporate Diversification
• Intención de aprender
• Transparencia de los socios
• Receptividad a aprender
Strategic
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Organizing to Implement Corporate Diversification
Estrategia internacional
• Las estrategias internacionales son un
ejemplo de estrategias corporativas.
• El valor de la estrategia internacional es:
– Explotar oportunidades
– Neutralizar amenazas
Strategic
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Organizing to Implement Corporate Diversification
Strategic
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Organizing to Implement Corporate Diversification
Strategic
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Organizing to Implement Corporate Diversification
Problemas de la internacionalización
Strategic
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Organizing to Implement Corporate Diversification
Canales de distribución
• Redes de distribución locales que “no permiten”
la distribución de productos extranjeros.
• Barreras de comercio internacional
– Tarifas: impuestos a productos importados
– Cuotas: embargos, cantidad limitada de productos
que pueden ser importados
– Barreras no tarifarias: estándares de calidad, políticas
gubernamentales, programas de asistencia,
documentación requerida.
Strategic
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Organizing to Implement Corporate Diversification
Strategic
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Organizing to Implement Corporate Diversification
Internacionalización y acceso a
factores de producción de bajo costo
• Materias primas
• Mano de obra
• Tecnología
Strategic
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Organizing to Implement Corporate Diversification
Aprender de operaciones
internacionales
• Intención de aprender
• Transparencia de socios
• Receptividad para aprender
Strategic
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Organizing to Implement Corporate Diversification
Administración de riesgos
financieros
• Cobertura cambiaria
• Diversificación geográfica
Expandir el riesgo en diversos países
Strategic
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Organizing to Implement Corporate Diversification
Strategic
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Organizing to Implement Corporate Diversification
Alianzas estratégicas
internacionales
• Alianza Fiat-Tata (Italia/India)
Con tecnología Fiat, Tata manufactura y vende
automóbiles en India
• Alianza Microsoft-Nokia (USA/Finlandia)
Nokia usó software de Microsoft en sus celulares
para competir con Blackberry
• Alianza Eli Lilly-Piramal en ciencias de la vida
(USA/India)
Piramal es responsible de diseñar y desarrollar un
programa clínico global de Lilly incluyendo pruebas
clínicas en humanos
Strategic
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Organizing to Implement Corporate Diversification
Strategic
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Organizing to Implement Corporate Diversification
Strategic
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Organizing to Implement Corporate Diversification
Alto
Instancias Estructura
descentralizadas transnacional
Importancia de la
respuesta local
Instancias
coordinadas
Hub
centralizado
Bajo
Strategic
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